The photothermal reaction characteristics of rice include photosensitivity and temperature sensitivity. During the growth period of photoperiodic rice, short dayslight shortens the growing period of rice, and long dayslight prolongs the growth period of rice. The response of rice varieties to the length of sunshine is called the photosensitivity of rice varieties. The photosensitivity of rice varieties differs depending on the variety type and ripening type. In general, the late rice varieties have strong photosensivity, and the early rice varieties have weak photosensibility. For the same maturity type, the late-maturing varieties have strong photosensibility and the early-maturing varieties have weak photosensibility. The response of rice to the length of sunshine has the characteristics of short-day plant response to the long day, but does not mean that the shorter day than 12 hours is the critical day-length that limits the heading of rice. The short-term effect is mainly to induce the spike differentiation of rice plants. In all paddy areas in China, the length of sunshine during rice cultivation is mostly 11-16 hours. The high daily limit of young panicle differentiation under natural conditions for rice varieties in different regions ranges from 11 h 58 min to 15 h 37 min. The leaves and leaf sheaths of rice seedlings can be stimulated by the photoperiod, so that the plants complete the photoperiodic reaction and enter the spike differentiation stage. In addition to the length of light itself, the photoperiodic response of rice is also affected by factors such as temperature, leaf age, and light intensity. The temperature and temperature, especially the nighttime temperature during rice growth, have an important effect on rice photoperiod induction and young panicle differentiation. It is generally believed that the combination of a short-day condition with a night temperature of 20°C or higher is an important condition for smooth photoperiod induction of rice varieties that begin with successful photoperiod induction. Seedlings of young seedlings usually grow until the four-leaf stage, but they begin to respond to the length of the day. However, the age of young seedlings that respond to a short-day seedling should vary according to the variety. Light Intensity The light compensation point for rice photosynthesis is approximately 600-700 lux. In general, long-day effects are exhibited when rice plants are treated with light intensity of 100 lux. In addition, the continued short-day treatment has a significant effect on promoting rice heading. Rice enters young panicle differentiation and continues to be treated for a short period of time. It still has the effect of promoting heading for rice plants. And the early stage of young ear development, the greater the effect of short-day treatment. In the process of growth and development of temperature-sensitive rice, high temperature can shorten the growth period of rice varieties, and low temperature makes the growth period of rice varieties prolonged. The response characteristics of rice varieties to temperature are called the temperature sensitivity of rice varieties. In general, both early rice and late rice varieties have a temperature-sensitive type. And among all varieties, the late rice variety is the strongest in both photosensitivity and temperature sensitivity. However, for late rice varieties with strong photosensitivity, their growth and development changes are mainly dictated by the conditions of the length of the day. In the Meixian mountainous area, moderate temperature and late ripening combinations such as Peizasan 7, Youyou 122, Huayougui 99, Lvhuangzhan, Fenghuazhan, and Lüyuanzhan No. 1 can be planted in non-rice locust cultivars. Farmers can buy legal seeds at the local agricultural station or the county seed company. The high-efficiency cultivation mode for high-quality rice in the late stage is as follows: I. Timely sowing, timely throwing glutinous rice should adopt throwing hoe cultivation. The late planting was sown in mid-July and the end of July and early August were thrown. Daejeon uses 2 to 2.5 kg of conventional rice and 1 to 1.5 kg of hybrid rice per acre. Seedlings use plastic disc membranes for water education. Before sowing seeds, they are disinfected with pesticides and washed. Conventional rice sows 3-4 grains per hole and hybrid rice sows 1-2 grains per hole. Need about 42 plastic plates per acre, so that the mud collapsed, remove the film before hardening seedlings. Second, the rational close throw, throwing enough seedlings to ensure that enough seedlings per mu of Daotian throw enough 1800-20000, even throwing crickets, and strive to build in the late 13-15 days to reach 20-22 million seedlings. 3. Rational application of N, P, and K According to the test, the amount of phosphorus and potassium absorbed by high-quality rice is 10% to 15% higher than that of ordinary rice. Therefore, it must be ensured that N, P2O5, K2O, and 1:0.5: 1.2 can be used properly. -1.5. In the pre-growth stage, N:K2O is 1:1—1.2, and in the middle and late stage, N:K2O is 1:1.5 or more. The amount of nitrogen applied in the early growth period is about 60%-70% of the total nitrogen, 25%-35% in the middle period, and 5%-10% in the latter period. Phosphorus fertilizer is mainly used as basal fertilizer, and compound fertilizer and potassium chloride should be topdressed in the late stage of rice growth. Before throwing, apply basic fertilizer. Mushi general-purpose compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 20-27 kg (preferably applied organic fertilizer), superphosphate 15-20 kg. Umbilical fertilizer Urea 7-8 kg, potassium chloride 5-6 kg. Fertilizer application general-purpose compound fertilizer 20-23 kg, potassium chloride 6-8 kg. Enough seedling nitrogen depending on the weather, fertility and group growth may be, when the leaf color is too light when the seedlings should be timely supplement nitrogen fertilizer, when the leaf color is too dark green can be an appropriate single application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. In the middle period of growth, when the leaf color is insufficient and the individual growth is low, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be added by increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Late growth should be applied to strong tail fertilizer. Fourth, rational irrigation, scientific water throwing rice fields should be left shallow water, in order to take root and return to green. After returning green, it is thin and moist. Enough time after emergence of Tian Tian, ​​light sun, in order to reduce the invalid childbirth, and promote the second period of young panicle differentiation into red in due course. In the later stage of young panicle differentiation, a balanced water supply based on moisturizing is implemented. In the late mature period, we must pay attention to the irrigation of tail water. Fifth, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases using "prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control" measures, focusing on the prevention and control of panicle blast and sheath blight. In the control of pests and diseases, we must use high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides to reduce the amount of pesticides.
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