Phalaenopsis is loved by people because of its beautiful flowers and colorful colors. It belongs to single-stemed aerial orchids and is native to the subtropical zone. Most of them grow in high-temperature, high-humidity seashore forests and in the misty forests of tropical rivers. Its growing environment has weak illumination, good ventilation, high temperature and high humidity, and a certain temperature difference between day and night. All these indicate that Phalaenopsis has extremely strict requirements on temperature and humidity, which greatly limits its adaptability to cultivated environment and natural cultivation areas. Phalaenopsis is mainly cultivated in greenhouse facilities in northern China. Because the greenhouse has great limitations in light, temperature, and humidity regulation, the growth period of Phalaenopsis is different from that in the original place of production. Phalaenopsis is native to tropical and subtropical regions, and is characterized by high temperature, high humidity and good air circulation. The surrounding humidity is relatively high, generally between 70% and 90%. In the cultivation of facilities in the north of China, the humidity in the greenhouse is not high before the humidity treatment, generally only between 60% and 70%. If the summer temperature rises above 35°C, or when the winter weather is dry, the humidity is It is often less than 50% or even less. Humidity in the air is not sufficient and it can easily lead to water loss (wrinkles and weak leaves). Therefore, in addition to the humidity of the butterfly orchid potted substrate not less than 60% to 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate, an effective method should be adopted to increase the humidity in the greenhouse so as to achieve or approach the humidity of the original place. Phalaenopsis cultivation of different nutritional volume, the amount of matrix is ​​different, the amount of water should be different. Regardless of the season, if the root system is often surrounded by water film, it is easy to rot, so the water supply should be just right. After wetting once, we must wait until the substrate is slightly dry and then watered, but the matrix cannot be too dry. In addition, the amount of watering should also vary from season to season. In summer, water evaporates quickly and can be watered once every morning; in spring and autumn, it can be watered once every 3 to 4 days; in winter, depending on the situation, watering time In the morning between 9 and 10 o'clock in the morning, after no sunshine in the afternoon, be sure to keep the leaves dry. Don't let the water stay on the leaves overnight to prevent the temperature from falling too low after night and damage the leaves. If there is a cold snap, Do not water the equipment without heating. Wait until the cold has flowed before watering it. Spray some water before noon to prevent the plants from losing water. However, leave the leaves dry before 5 o'clock in the afternoon and leave no water. At the same time, special perfusion of water is required once a week to allow excess salt water deposited in the substrate to flow out, and to clean the foliage. If the foliage is also washed with bacteria, it should be removed every morning after each drench. Fertilize to prevent plants from getting fat. The number of times of watering mentioned above is for reference only, because the cultivation environment and the applied fillers are different, so the watering habits are also not the same. It is important that the substrate must be slightly dry and then watered. Although the leaves of Phalaenopsis store a lot of water, the supply of water must also be balanced. When the air is dry in the hot summer season, pour a few more waters a week. Because the plants in this situation have a lot of water, the higher the temperature, the drier the air, the more evaporative water in the body. This not only hinders the normal physiological function of the plant, but also weakens the growth potential of the plant. If the duration is long, the entire plant shrinks and shrinks, and it may even cause the whole plant to dry up and die. Therefore, watering is an important part of orchid cultivation and management. This can reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, and it can also increase the humidity. However, in this case, when the ventilation is poor, the fan must be used to circulate the air in the greenhouse. There have been reports on the regulation of the humidity of the Phalaenopsis abroad, but the cultivation environment in foreign countries is not the same as that in China, and there is no certain rule for the watering of the Phalaenopsis. Because Phalaenopsis is a gas blue, it can absorb some of the moisture in the air. Phalaenopsis can live for a long time in the absence of water in the root, but it can not tolerate the existence of low air humidity. The temperature control method in facility cultivation is as follows. 1. Moisture Humidity is related to the temperature and humidity. High temperature will cause the humidity to decrease. Therefore, the only way to keep warm is due to dehumidification. In the northern part of China, Phalaenopsis is often cultivated in a closed greenhouse. The top and the surrounding are enclosed by glass or transparent plastic plates (films). There are doors that can be opened and closed, ventilation fans (fans) are installed in the sheds, electric spray humidifiers, thermometers, Hygrometers and automatic control systems. Although this method can save manpower and ensure proper environmental conditions in the greenhouse at all times, the required cost is high. In recent years, the wide application of the curtain has not only played a significant role in reducing the temperature in the summer, but also has a significant effect in increasing the humidity, which at the same time greatly improves the efficacy of the curtain. In addition, shading and cooling conditions are also a good way to moisturize, reduce the incidence of summer sunlight and reduce greenhouse humidity. The shading method is divided into three types: external shading, internal shading, and double shading inside and outside. The effect of using shade nets is very obvious. The use of internal and external shade nets or the selection of different types of shade nets can control the light intensity and temperature within the scope of the plan, and the humidity can naturally be maintained. In addition, you can also consider the use of shade water spray method. However, it should be noted that the quality of shade nets produced by different manufacturers will be different, so the choice of shade nets must be made. 2. Humidification The main measure for humidification in modern greenhouses is the use of an automatic spray humidifier. With the advancement of science and technology, various types of humidifiers have been continuously developed, greatly reducing the waste of manpower, material resources and water resources, and also reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Prior to this, the most commonly used method of humidification was artificial spray, which was performed at noon on the greenhouse to spray water on the ground in order to reduce the temperature and increase humidity. However, this required more manpower and wasted water resources. Doing this in the north, especially in arid regions, will certainly increase the production cost of Phalaenopsis. At the same time, manual operation will not necessarily create the humidity suitable for the growth of Phalaenopsis. The large-scale production of Phalaenopsis in northern China is easily affected by the natural environment, so we must take feasible technical measures to regulate the production environment. The Phyllostachys praecox needs to regulate the humidity and various environmental conditions in order to create a suitable environment for the growth of Phalaenopsis, so that the Phalaenopsis can grow well in the environment that is not suitable for it in the North. Demand for flowers in major northern cities. (Wang Yongqiang, Dong Yunzhai, Wang Limin)
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