During the whole growth period of rice, 40% to 60% of nitrogen fertilizer, 50% to 100% of potassium fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer were used as base fertilizers, and the rest were topdressing.
Based on the application of basal fertilizer, rice topdressing should be promoted through timely and appropriate top-dressing according to the leaf color and long-term growth conditions of the rice, as well as the climatic conditions, and the “two black and two yellow†standard should be adopted. In the effective tillering period of rice and before and after heading, the dark green color of the leaves is black. Since the young panicles begin to differentiate at the beginning of jointing, the stalks increase rapidly, causing a temporary deficiency of nutrients in the body and yellowing of the leaves; 5 to 10 days before heading. In the booting stage, the nutrient required for ear differentiation increased, and the leaf color also appeared yellow. In the “second black†stage, if the leaf color is not dark green, it means that the rice plant is de-fertilized; if the leaf color does not fall yellow in the “yellow-yellow†stage, it means that the nitrogen in the rice plant is excessive and there is greediness.
First, sub-fertilizer
The effective delivery period of rice in Heilongjiang Province is shorter, and for early growth, to increase the spike rate, the tiller should be applied early, that is, in the returning green period after the seedling is applied. In this period, one can supply the low bud of the tiller early. Nutrients promote the early delivery of low births and increase the rate of spikes; the second is to extend the effective delivery period and increase the number of panicles. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the tillering period should generally be 20% to 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application amount.
Second, panicle fertilizer
Appropriate application of panicle fertilizer can increase the number of spikelets, prevent the degradation of spikelets, increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, and the application period of panicle fertilizer is generally suitable 15 days before heading, in order to reduce the serious meiosis of spikelets. About 12 days before emergence, see the fertilizer effect. Regarding the judgment of the application period of panicle fertilizer: the first 20 days before emergence is the period where the penultimate leaf grows for about half, and the 15th day before emergence is the emergence of the penultimate leaf blade, the unfolding of the second leaf, and the tip of the flag leaf. time. The amount of fertilizer is 10%~15% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the remaining potassium fertilizer. In areas where the rice grows too busy, the leaves are thicker, and the line is closed prematurely, or when it encounters low temperatures, rain, oligophobia, and diseases, no nitrogen may be applied, applied or delayed, or potassium may be applied.
Three, grain fertilizer
The granular fertilizer has the effects of delaying the decline of leaf area after heading and increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, as well as enhancing the root motility, increasing the filling material after heading, reducing the pod grain, and increasing the grain weight. The application period of granular fertilizer should be in the heading stage and the standard of fertilizer fertilizer evaluation. The leaf color in the booting stage (5~10 days before the emergence) should prevail. When the color of the leaves after heading is lighter than that of the booting stage, grain fertilizer can only be used.
Four, outside the top dressing (foliar spray fertilizer)
The top-dressing fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and utilized by the rice stems and leaves, and the effect is quicker, and the loss of nutrients by soil fixation and “denitrification†can be avoided. Urea is a neutral fertilizer with high diffusivity and is easily absorbed and utilized by rice. It is especially suitable for top dressing. The concentration of urea as top dressing is 1.5%~2.0%.
To supplement the lack of phosphorus at the late growth stage of rice, 10% to 20% of superphosphate or 0.1% to 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed, and the amount of liquid sprayed is 1500kg per hectare. When the leaves are sprayed with fertilizer, the length of the wet leaves of the solution has a certain relationship with the effect of spray fertilizer. To maintain the longer wet time of the leaves, fertilization is best performed in the windless weather in the evening.
V. Live Rice Fertilization Technology
Compared with transplanted rice, direct-seeding rice had the characteristics of short growth period, low birthing node, early and multiple tillers, developed roots, shallow roots, early emergence of tillers, rapid decline, and low fertility. For the application of nitrogen fertilizer, 50% of the planned amount should be used as base fertilizer; 20% of manure should be used as fertilizer, and the manure should be applied at the four-leaf stage; 30% should be used as the panicle fertilizer at the next leaf stage.
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