In recent years, with the adjustment of the structure of agricultural grain, tomato has been widely cultivated as a high-efficiency vegetable in the mountains of southwest Zhejiang. Tomato long-season cultivation is emerging as a new efficient planting mode. The planting period lasts 10 months, and the output of 667 square meters is more than 10,000 kg. This forms a province-province province with a long history of one species. , High-yield and high-efficiency annual planting mode. Combining with the climatic characteristics of the “high temperature in winter, early spring return to early temperature, and hot high temperature in summer†basin in the southwestern Zhejiang basin, we summarized the tomato long-season cultivation techniques as follows.
1 Facilities and Variety Selection
A plastic greenhouse with a height of 3.5 meters, a shoulder height of 2.5 meters, and a width of 8 meters is commonly used in production, and a micro drip irrigation system is embedded in the shed.
Variety requirements are unlimited growth type, low temperature resistance, low light resistance, strong disease resistance, such as Israel's R-144, FA-189, FA-516, Jiayuya, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Zhejiang Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhongza No. 9 and other varieties.
2 Sowing seedlings
According to the climatic characteristics of the basin in the southwest of Zhejiang, the sowing date is arranged in the middle and late August, when the summer high temperature begins to decline. Shelters are used to protect the seedlings from the greenhouse, and nutrients or plugs are used as nursery containers. Pay attention to cooling at high temperatures, shade nets can be covered in the roof.
3 Soil fertilization
Each 5m wide shed is made of 8m wide shed, and the width of the gully is 1.6m. The back surface is made into a turtle shape, and the ditch depth is 15cm. Long-season cultivation of tomatoes, the growing season of up to 8 to 10 months, 667 square meters of target production of more than 10,000 kg, a large amount of fertilizer, Shi Shiji when soil preparation. Basal fertilizer should be re-applied farmyard manure, 667 square meters of the amount of 2000 ~ 2500kg, at the same time, the application of phosphate fertilizer 50kg deep, potassium fertilizer 50kg, compound fertilizer 50kg.
4 timely planting
The tomato seedling age 25 to 30 days, plant height 15cm, 2 leaf 1 heart can be planted. The use of micro-tube drip irrigation system can keep the soil moist at any time and improve water use efficiency; at the same time, it can effectively reduce air humidity and reduce disease occurrence. At the time of colonization, a drip irrigation belt was laid on the surface of the plant, and at the same time, it was thoroughly irrigated and covered with a plastic film. 1 plant 2 rows, planting 40 cm perforation.
5 Field Management
5.1 Temperature Management
After the planting, the soil should be kept moist, and the shade net should be covered outside the greenhouse in a timely manner. At the same time, attention should be paid to adjusting the contradiction between temperature and light, so as to prevent planting seedlings. Conditional, high mist spray system can be used on the roof to cool down in summer. In winter and early spring, the temperature in southwestern Zhejiang is relatively low, and thermal insulation work must be strengthened. Four-layer film management can be used specifically, namely, mulch film, small shed film, middle shed film (shelf in shed, middle shed, span of 2 ～ 3 畦), and greenhouse film. At the same time, a plastic film was suspended at the edges and ends of the greenhouse to increase the insulation effect. As the temperature increases in the following year, ventilation and cooling must be strengthened in a timely manner to prevent the greenhouse temperature from rising above 35°C and causing heat damage.
5.2 Humidity Management
Using drip irrigation under the membrane can effectively reduce the air humidity and reduce the occurrence of diseases. In case of continuous rainy weather, timely ventilation and cooling, while paying attention to the relationship between coordination and low temperature. Proper ventilation also enhances the tomato's ability to resist freezing.
5.3 Fertilizer Management
Long-season cultivation has a long growing season and a high target yield. Therefore, it requires a large amount of fertilizer, applies a basal fertilizer before planting, and enhances top dressing in different growth stages during tomato growth. When the first fruit of the tomato reached the size of "table tennis", 667 square meters topped 10kg compound fertilizer. Afterwards, after harvesting 1 ear fruit, top-dressing 1 fertilizer, 667 square meters of top-dressing compound fertilizer 15~20kg, should be applied by drip irrigation under the membrane. After the fruit period, the demand for potash from tomatoes increased. In addition to the normal top dressing, about 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed in the middle and late fruit setting. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer to avoid tendon rot. Calcium deficiency can be sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% calcium chloride solution or 1% superphosphate solution to prevent fruit rot.
5.4 Plant Adjustment
Long-season cultivation of tomatoes usually harvests 3 to 4 spikes a year ago. After covering the winter with multiple membranes, the 7 to 9 spikes will be harvested in the coming year. Therefore, the adjustment of the plants in common monolithic greenhouses is very important. The specific approach is: years ago, control the amount of tomato growth, prevent leggy, end of November and early December to hang 3-4 fruit, the top leaves 5 leaves topping. Try to pull the tomato vines down to cover the winter coat. After topping, the tomato base leaves a strong collateral as a follow-up result of the shoot culture. From March to April of the following year, with the increase of temperature, the growth of this collateral increased, using single culvert pruning, secondary branch removal.
5.5 Growth Regulator Application
At low temperatures tomatoes use growth regulators to preserve the fruit. Usually, 10 to 20 mg/L of 2.4-D liquid dot is used. Pay attention not to get the tender shoots on the leaves, so as to avoid the phenomenon of leaf curling, or use 30 ~ 40mg / L of anti-dropping liquid spray. When using plant growth regulators for flowering, flowering, and flowering, adding 0.1% of fast-acting or acetaminophen can achieve better results.
5.6 Pest Control
During the long-season cultivation of tomato in Southwestern Zhejiang, the main diseases were leaf mould, gray mold, early and late blight, bacterial wilt and virus disease and whitefly. Leaf mould and gray mold can be sprayed with 50% of SuoKil wettable powder 1000 times spray. Early and late blight can be sprayed with procaine, Rhizoctonia or chlorothalonil, once every 7-8 days. In the early stage of bacterial wilt, 50% bifenbide WP 800-1000 times, or 72% agro-streptomycin sulphate soluble powder 4000 times, or 25% Ammonia Broth Water Irrigation 500 times, to root, at the same time, Grafting is also an effective way to prevent bacterial wilt. To prevent viral diseases, in addition to seed disinfection, management should prevent infection. Insect pests such as whiteflies in greenhouses can be sprayed with 1000 times solution or 0.50% dichlorvos EC.
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