Clarias leather, also known as Egyptian beard owl, Egyptian pond mullet, leather genus oyster, Egyptian pond hornfish, grass beard owl (probably due to a clerical error), classified under the genus Pelicans , beard genus. Often inhabiting the waters along the bottom of the pool, hi group homes, good mud and burrowing, is an omnivorous fish dominated by animal feed. Originated in the Nile Valley of Africa, China was introduced in 1981. It has the advantages of large individuals, rapid growth, high yield, wide appetite, strong disease resistance, low oxygen tolerance, strong adaptability, high nutritional value, delicious taste, and less bone defects. Therefore, leather beard is a very good The high-quality products with good breeding prospects have good aquaculture production and economic benefits. The current aquaculture range has been extended to most parts of China.
Biological characteristics
Morphological characteristics
The leather mustache body is long in shape, has no scales on its surface, is cylindrical, has a flat head, is near the lower jaw, and has more developed tentacles (4 pairs). The eye is smaller. The head back has a number of radially arranged bone granules. The edges of each fin are light red, with black spots on the side of the fins and greyish white cloud patches. The back is grayish black, white on the abdomen, and wide mouth cracks.
Habits
Leather beard fish is a benthic fish with a mild temperament. However, the intra-specific competition is intense during the seedling period. Mutual killing and strong meat feeding are common. After eating during the day, it likes to gather at the bottom of the pool, in the caves and in the dark, and to move around and feed at night. Due to long-term inhabitation in the bottom burrowing environment, resulting in visual degradation, the external food, stimulation, predators and other feelings, mainly rely on four pairs of well-developed beard around the mouth and developed sideline system and sniffing sac. At the same time, the leather beard carp has a shape of a dendritic indwelling auxiliary respiratory organ, which can directly use the oxygen in the air, so it is very resistant to hypoxia. As long as the skin stays moist, it will not die if you leave the water for a long time.
The leather beard owl's migratory ability is strong. It uses strong hard buckling to support the body's crawling on the land, crossing many obstacles, and migrating from one body of water to another to find a new living environment. Leather beard is a tropical, subtropical fish, poor resistance to low temperature. When the water temperature drops to 8 to 10°C, it will cause frostbite and infect the hydromycosis; when it falls below 7°C, it will begin to die. Therefore, during the artificial wintering period, the water temperature must be maintained at least 13 °C.
Leather beard fleas are found in bodies of water with a dissolved oxygen content of 0.8 mg/l (usually fish requires 1.7 mg/l of dissolved oxygen in water) and an acidic environment with a pH of 4.8 (generally fish require water with a pH above 5.6). They can still live normally and even survive in a stinking water body. However, if they live in harsh environments for a long time, their growth will be inhibited or a variety of fish diseases will occur.
feeding habits
Leather beard is an omnivorous fish mainly based on animal foods. Its food intake is large, and the amount of daily eclipse is 5 to 8% of its own body weight. The maximum amount is 15% or more. If overfeeding, it will produce too much food. The phenomenon of inflation. The leather beard cubs have strong ability to fight hunger. When the artificial species is overwintering, the fingerlings or broodstock do not feed or die for 4 to 5 months. When the water temperature rises above 15°C, they start to feed normally, and the temperature is between 20 and 35°C. Strong food intake. Generally from May to September is the peak of feeding, the fastest growing time.
In natural waters, fish fry mainly eat rotifers, leeches, cockroaches, cladocera, and copepods. After 4 to 7 days of feeding, it is completely dependent on prey for nutrition. The palatable objects gradually increase from small to large, mainly larvae that prey on larger species, and when they are insufficient, organic detritus, aquatic insects, and worms, etc., are also consumed. During the adult stage, it mainly eats worms in the water, aquatic insects, benthic animals, small fish, shrimps and animal carcasses, organic debris, and tender stems and leaves of plants. Under artificial rearing conditions, animal feed such as blood, viscera, fish meal, cocoon, snail meat, cockroach, fly maggots of poultry can be fed; rice bran, peanut cake, wheat bran, bean cake and corn flour can also be fed. Plant feed.
Grow
Leather mustaches are gluttonous and often dormant in the darkness of the bottom of the pool. Therefore, it has fast growth, high yield, and short production cycle. In southern China, it can raise 2 to 3 seasons a year. It is cultured under pond conditions. After 4 to 5 months of feeding, the fry can grow up to 0.5 kg. The largest individual can reach 2 kg or more and the yield per mu can reach 5000 kg. For the overwintering fish species in the previous year, it can generally grow to 1 kilogram, and the largest individual can reach more than 4 kilograms.
Breeding habits
The development of gonads is a type of non-synchronous multiple spawning. The reproductive ability is strong. The age of sexual maturity is 10-12 months. It usually reproduces 3 to 4 times a year. The breeding season of the leather beard owl is generally from April to September, and the spawning period of a few broodstocks can be extended until the end of October. The breeding season is from May to July. After August, the ability to reproduce due to degeneration of the ovaries or in the event of high temperatures is reduced. From November to December, the reproductive glands are in a degenerative phase. The suitable water temperature for breeding is 22-32°C, preferably 27-32°C. Below 20°C or above 32°C, spawning activity is inhibited and no eggs are laid at 18°C. When the water temperature rises above 20°C, the mature male and female fish are estrus, the males are discharged, and the females produce greenish viscous eggs on the attachments. Their spawning habits are similar to those of the eel and squid. The amount of eggs laid depends on the size of the individual. The number of oviposites of 0.25 to 0.5 kilograms of leather beard carp is 1.5 to 65,000, and that of females weighing 0.75 to 1.25 kilograms is 11.3 to 178,000. Incubation water temperature 22 ~ 30 °C, 22 ~ 25 hours to emerge.
Biological characteristics
Morphological characteristics
The leather mustache body is long in shape, has no scales on its surface, is cylindrical, has a flat head, is near the lower jaw, and has more developed tentacles (4 pairs). The eye is smaller. The head back has a number of radially arranged bone granules. The edges of each fin are light red, with black spots on the side of the fins and greyish white cloud patches. The back is grayish black, white on the abdomen, and wide mouth cracks.
Habits
Leather beard fish is a benthic fish with a mild temperament. However, the intra-specific competition is intense during the seedling period. Mutual killing and strong meat feeding are common. After eating during the day, it likes to gather at the bottom of the pool, in the caves and in the dark, and to move around and feed at night. Due to long-term inhabitation in the bottom burrowing environment, resulting in visual degradation, the external food, stimulation, predators and other feelings, mainly rely on four pairs of well-developed beard around the mouth and developed sideline system and sniffing sac. At the same time, the leather beard carp has a shape of a dendritic indwelling auxiliary respiratory organ, which can directly use the oxygen in the air, so it is very resistant to hypoxia. As long as the skin stays moist, it will not die if you leave the water for a long time.
The leather beard owl's migratory ability is strong. It uses strong hard buckling to support the body's crawling on the land, crossing many obstacles, and migrating from one body of water to another to find a new living environment. Leather beard is a tropical, subtropical fish, poor resistance to low temperature. When the water temperature drops to 8 to 10°C, it will cause frostbite and infect the hydromycosis; when it falls below 7°C, it will begin to die. Therefore, during the artificial wintering period, the water temperature must be maintained at least 13 °C.
Leather beard fleas are found in bodies of water with a dissolved oxygen content of 0.8 mg/l (usually fish requires 1.7 mg/l of dissolved oxygen in water) and an acidic environment with a pH of 4.8 (generally fish require water with a pH above 5.6). They can still live normally and even survive in a stinking water body. However, if they live in harsh environments for a long time, their growth will be inhibited or a variety of fish diseases will occur.
feeding habits
Leather beard is an omnivorous fish mainly based on animal foods. Its food intake is large, and the amount of daily eclipse is 5 to 8% of its own body weight. The maximum amount is 15% or more. If overfeeding, it will produce too much food. The phenomenon of inflation. The leather beard cubs have strong ability to fight hunger. When the artificial species is overwintering, the fingerlings or broodstock do not feed or die for 4 to 5 months. When the water temperature rises above 15°C, they start to feed normally, and the temperature is between 20 and 35°C. Strong food intake. Generally from May to September is the peak of feeding, the fastest growing time.
In natural waters, fish fry mainly eat rotifers, leeches, cockroaches, cladocera, and copepods. After 4 to 7 days of feeding, it is completely dependent on prey for nutrition. The palatable objects gradually increase from small to large, mainly larvae that prey on larger species, and when they are insufficient, organic detritus, aquatic insects, and worms, etc., are also consumed. During the adult stage, it mainly eats worms in the water, aquatic insects, benthic animals, small fish, shrimps and animal carcasses, organic debris, and tender stems and leaves of plants. Under artificial rearing conditions, animal feed such as blood, viscera, fish meal, cocoon, snail meat, cockroach, fly maggots of poultry can be fed; rice bran, peanut cake, wheat bran, bean cake and corn flour can also be fed. Plant feed.
Grow
Leather mustaches are gluttonous and often dormant in the darkness of the bottom of the pool. Therefore, it has fast growth, high yield, and short production cycle. In southern China, it can raise 2 to 3 seasons a year. It is cultured under pond conditions. After 4 to 5 months of feeding, the fry can grow up to 0.5 kg. The largest individual can reach 2 kg or more and the yield per mu can reach 5000 kg. For the overwintering fish species in the previous year, it can generally grow to 1 kilogram, and the largest individual can reach more than 4 kilograms.
Breeding habits
The development of gonads is a type of non-synchronous multiple spawning. The reproductive ability is strong. The age of sexual maturity is 10-12 months. It usually reproduces 3 to 4 times a year. The breeding season of the leather beard owl is generally from April to September, and the spawning period of a few broodstocks can be extended until the end of October. The breeding season is from May to July. After August, the ability to reproduce due to degeneration of the ovaries or in the event of high temperatures is reduced. From November to December, the reproductive glands are in a degenerative phase. The suitable water temperature for breeding is 22-32°C, preferably 27-32°C. Below 20°C or above 32°C, spawning activity is inhibited and no eggs are laid at 18°C. When the water temperature rises above 20°C, the mature male and female fish are estrus, the males are discharged, and the females produce greenish viscous eggs on the attachments. Their spawning habits are similar to those of the eel and squid. The amount of eggs laid depends on the size of the individual. The number of oviposites of 0.25 to 0.5 kilograms of leather beard carp is 1.5 to 65,000, and that of females weighing 0.75 to 1.25 kilograms is 11.3 to 178,000. Incubation water temperature 22 ~ 30 °C, 22 ~ 25 hours to emerge.
Dongguan Anmeixuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.hyashine.com