Belt conveyor
1.1 Belt conveyor application
The belt conveyor is a type of continuous conveyor. The continuous conveyor is one of the main types of fixed or transport hoisting conveyors. Its transportation feature is to form a continuous material flow between the loading point and the loading point, relying on continuous material flow. The overall movement to complete the delivery of the logistics from the loading point to the unloading point. In industrial, agricultural, transportation and other enterprises, continuous transport aircraft is an indispensable component of the rhythmic flow transport line in the production process.
Continuous conveyors can be divided into:
(1) Conveyors with flexible traction objects, such as belt conveyors, slab conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket conveyors, escalators and aerial ropeways;
(2) Conveyors without flexible traction objects, such as screw conveyors, vibrating conveyors, etc.;
(3) Pipe conveyor (fluid conveying), such as pneumatic conveying devices and hydraulic conveying pipes.
Among them, the conveyor belt is a continuous conveyor. It is widely used. The belt conveyor is reliable in operation, large in conveying capacity, long in conveying distance and easy to maintain. It is suitable for metallurgical coal, mechanical power, light industry, building materials, food and other departments.
1.2 Classification of belt conveyors
There are various sorting methods for belt conveyors. The conveyor belt structure for transporting materials can be divided into two types. One type is a common type belt conveyor. In the process of transporting materials in the conveyor belt, the belt conveyor is in the upper belt. The trough shape, the lower belt is flat, the conveyor belt is supported by the roller, and the outer shape of the conveyor belt is flat; the other type is the belt conveyor with special structure, each has its own conveying characteristics. The brief introduction is as follows:
Characteristics of various belt conveyors
(1). QD80 light fixed belt conveyor QD80 light fixed belt conveyor Compared with TDII type, its belt is thinner and lighter, the transportation distance is generally less than 100m, and the motor capacity does not exceed 22kw.
(2). It belongs to the high-strength belt conveyor. The belt core of the conveyor belt has parallel thin steel ropes. The transport distance of one conveyor can reach several kilometers to several tens of kilometers.
(3) U-belt conveyor It is also known as the trough belt conveyor. Its obvious feature is to increase the groove angle of the ordinary belt conveyor to make the conveyor belt U-shaped. Squeeze with the material, resulting in increased friction of the material to the tape, so that the conveyor angle of the conveyor can reach 25 °.
(4). The U-belt conveyor belt of the tubular belt conveyor is further grooved, and a circular tubular shape is formed after the Zui, which is a tubular belt conveyor. Since the conveyor belt is wound into a circular tube, it can be closed. Conveying materials can significantly reduce the environmental pollution of powdery materials, and can achieve bending operation.
(5). Air-cushion belt conveyor, the conveyor belt is not running on the idler roller, but running on the air film (air cushion), eliminating the idler roller, using the air chamber disc groove and air chamber with air holes. It replaces the running roller, reduces the moving parts, reduces the total equivalent mass, reduces the resistance, improves the efficiency, and runs smoothly, which can increase the belt speed. However, the mass of the material to be transported generally does not exceed 300mm. The method of section can not only change the conveyor belt into a trough shape by rollers, but also change the conveyor belt itself, and make the conveying surface of the conveyor belt into a vertical side with a transverse partition. Generally, the vertical side rib is made into a wave shape. Therefore, it is called a corrugated belt conveyor. This type of machine is suitable for large inclination angles, the inclination angle is above 30°, and the Zui is up to 90°.
(6). Belt-belt conveyor It uses an auxiliary belt to apply pressure to the material. The main advantage of this conveyor is that the conveyor has a large inclination of 90° and the running speed can reach 6m/s. The ability does not change with the change of the inclination angle, and can realize the closed conveying of loose materials and toxic materials. The main disadvantages are complicated structure, increased wear of the conveyor belt and large energy consumption.
(7). Steel rope traction belt conveyor It is a combination of cordless rope transportation and belt transportation. It not only has the characteristics of high strength and traction flexibility of steel rope, but also has the advantages of continuous and flexible belt transportation.
1.4 Development status of belt conveyor
At present, belt conveyors have been widely used in various sectors of the national economy. In recent years, belt conveyors have become an important part in the joint transportation system of open pit mines and underground mines. Mainly: steel cord belt conveyors, Steel rope traction belt conveyor and continuous conveying facilities for the discharge yard.
These conveyors are characterized by high conveying capacity (up to 30,000 t/h) and a wide range of applications (can transport ore, coal, rock and various powder materials, and can also be transported under specific conditions), safe and reliable, and highly automated. The equipment maintenance and repair is easy, the climbing ability is large (up to 16°), the operating cost is low, and the capital investment can be saved by shortening the transportation distance.
At present, the development trend of belt conveyors is: large transportation capacity, large bandwidth, large dip angle, increased single machine length and horizontal turning, reasonable use of tape tension, reduced material transportation energy consumption, good method of cleaning tape, etc. In 1978, the design of the steel cord belt conveyor was completed. The scope of the steel cord belt conveyor:
Applicable to the ambient temperature is generally ° ° C; in the cold area drive station should have heating facilities; horizontal transport, tilt up (16 °) and down transport, can also be transported by turning; long transport distance, single transport up to 15km Can be laid in the open air, the transport line can be equipped with a protective cover or a corridor; the elongation of the conveyor belt is about 1/5 of the ordinary belt; its service life is longer than ordinary tape; its groove formation is good; the transportation distance is large.
1.5 Working principle of belt conveyor
The belt conveyor is also called the belt conveyor. The main component is the conveyor belt, also known as the belt. The conveyor belt doubles as the traction mechanism and the bearing mechanism. The composition and working principle of the belt conveyor are shown in Figure 1-1. It mainly includes the following. Several parts: conveyor belt (usually called tape), roller and intermediate frame, roller tensioning device, brake device, cleaning device and unloading device.
The conveyor belt 1 forms an endless endless belt around the drive drum 2 and the tail reversing drum 3. The upper and lower parts of the conveyor belt are supported on the idler. The tensioning device 5 supplies the conveyor belt for normal operation. Tension force. When working, the drive roller drives the conveyor belt through the friction between it and the conveyor belt. The material is loaded from the loading point onto the conveyor belt to form a continuous moving logistics, which is unloaded at the unloading point. The general material is loaded to The upper part of the upper belt (loading section) is unloaded at the head drum (here, the drive drum), and can also be unloaded in the middle by means of a special unloading device.
The upper belt of the fuselage of the ordinary belt conveyor is supported by the grooved roller to increase the flow sectional area, and the lower belt is the return section (the empty belt which is not carried). Generally, the lower idler is a flat roller. Belt conveyor The machine can be used for horizontal, inclined and vertical transportation. For ordinary belt conveyors, the inclined angle should not exceed 18°, and the downward transportation should not exceed 15°.
The conveyor belt is a part of the belt conveyor that is expensive and easy to wear. When conveying abrasive materials, such as iron ore, the durability of the conveyor belt is significantly reduced.
Improving the traction of the transmission can be considered from the following three aspects:
(1) Increase the tension. Increasing the initial tension increases the tension of the conveyor belt at the separation point of the drive drum, although it is feasible to increase the traction. However, it is uneconomical to increase the cross-section of the conveyor belt due to the increase, which results in an increase in the structural size of the transmission. Therefore, it should not be used during design. However, in operation, as the belt is stretched, the tension is reduced, and the traction force is lowered. The tension can be appropriately increased by the tensioning device to increase the traction force.
(2) Increasing the wrap angle For the occasion where the traction force is required to be large, a double drum drive can be used to increase the wrap angle.
(3) Increasing the friction coefficient The specific measure can cover the drive roller with a pad with a large friction coefficient to increase the friction coefficient.
It can be seen from the above description of the transmission principle that increasing the wrap angle is an effective method to increase the traction force. Therefore, this method is proposed in the transmission.
1.6 Structure and arrangement of belt conveyor
1.6.1 Structure of belt conveyor
The belt conveyor is mainly composed of the following components: head frame, driving device, drive roller, tailstock, idler, intermediate frame, tail redirection device, unloading device, cleaning device, safety protection device and the like.
The conveyor belt is the load-bearing member of the belt conveyor, and the material on the belt runs along with the conveyor belt, and the material can be removed at the end and the intermediate portion of the conveyor as needed. The conveyor belt is supported by a rotating roller and has low running resistance. Belt conveyors can be arranged along horizontal or inclined lines.
1.1 Belt conveyor application
The belt conveyor is a type of continuous conveyor. The continuous conveyor is one of the main types of fixed or transport hoisting conveyors. Its transportation feature is to form a continuous material flow between the loading point and the loading point, relying on continuous material flow. The overall movement to complete the delivery of the logistics from the loading point to the unloading point. In industrial, agricultural, transportation and other enterprises, continuous transport aircraft is an indispensable component of the rhythmic flow transport line in the production process.
Continuous conveyors can be divided into:
(1) Conveyors with flexible traction objects, such as belt conveyors, slab conveyors, scraper conveyors, bucket conveyors, escalators and aerial ropeways;
(2) Conveyors without flexible traction objects, such as screw conveyors, vibrating conveyors, etc.;
(3) Pipe conveyor (fluid conveying), such as pneumatic conveying devices and hydraulic conveying pipes.
Among them, the conveyor belt is a continuous conveyor. It is widely used. The belt conveyor is reliable in operation, large in conveying capacity, long in conveying distance and easy to maintain. It is suitable for metallurgical coal, mechanical power, light industry, building materials, food and other departments.
1.2 Classification of belt conveyors
There are various sorting methods for belt conveyors. The conveyor belt structure for transporting materials can be divided into two types. One type is a common type belt conveyor. In the process of transporting materials in the conveyor belt, the belt conveyor is in the upper belt. The trough shape, the lower belt is flat, the conveyor belt is supported by the roller, and the outer shape of the conveyor belt is flat; the other type is the belt conveyor with special structure, each has its own conveying characteristics. The brief introduction is as follows:
Characteristics of various belt conveyors
(1). QD80 light fixed belt conveyor QD80 light fixed belt conveyor Compared with TDII type, its belt is thinner and lighter, the transportation distance is generally less than 100m, and the motor capacity does not exceed 22kw.
(2). It belongs to the high-strength belt conveyor. The belt core of the conveyor belt has parallel thin steel ropes. The transport distance of one conveyor can reach several kilometers to several tens of kilometers.
(3) U-belt conveyor It is also known as the trough belt conveyor. Its obvious feature is to increase the groove angle of the ordinary belt conveyor to make the conveyor belt U-shaped. Squeeze with the material, resulting in increased friction of the material to the tape, so that the conveyor angle of the conveyor can reach 25 °.
(4). The U-belt conveyor belt of the tubular belt conveyor is further grooved, and a circular tubular shape is formed after the Zui, which is a tubular belt conveyor. Since the conveyor belt is wound into a circular tube, it can be closed. Conveying materials can significantly reduce the environmental pollution of powdery materials, and can achieve bending operation.
(5). Air-cushion belt conveyor, the conveyor belt is not running on the idler roller, but running on the air film (air cushion), eliminating the idler roller, using the air chamber disc groove and air chamber with air holes. It replaces the running roller, reduces the moving parts, reduces the total equivalent mass, reduces the resistance, improves the efficiency, and runs smoothly, which can increase the belt speed. However, the mass of the material to be transported generally does not exceed 300mm. The method of section can not only change the conveyor belt into a trough shape by rollers, but also change the conveyor belt itself, and make the conveying surface of the conveyor belt into a vertical side with a transverse partition. Generally, the vertical side rib is made into a wave shape. Therefore, it is called a corrugated belt conveyor. This type of machine is suitable for large inclination angles, the inclination angle is above 30°, and the Zui is up to 90°.
(6). Belt-belt conveyor It uses an auxiliary belt to apply pressure to the material. The main advantage of this conveyor is that the conveyor has a large inclination of 90° and the running speed can reach 6m/s. The ability does not change with the change of the inclination angle, and can realize the closed conveying of loose materials and toxic materials. The main disadvantages are complicated structure, increased wear of the conveyor belt and large energy consumption.
(7). Steel rope traction belt conveyor It is a combination of cordless rope transportation and belt transportation. It not only has the characteristics of high strength and traction flexibility of steel rope, but also has the advantages of continuous and flexible belt transportation.
1.4 Development status of belt conveyor
At present, belt conveyors have been widely used in various sectors of the national economy. In recent years, belt conveyors have become an important part in the joint transportation system of open pit mines and underground mines. Mainly: steel cord belt conveyors, Steel rope traction belt conveyor and continuous conveying facilities for the discharge yard.
These conveyors are characterized by high conveying capacity (up to 30,000 t/h) and a wide range of applications (can transport ore, coal, rock and various powder materials, and can also be transported under specific conditions), safe and reliable, and highly automated. The equipment maintenance and repair is easy, the climbing ability is large (up to 16°), the operating cost is low, and the capital investment can be saved by shortening the transportation distance.
At present, the development trend of belt conveyors is: large transportation capacity, large bandwidth, large dip angle, increased single machine length and horizontal turning, reasonable use of tape tension, reduced material transportation energy consumption, good method of cleaning tape, etc. In 1978, the design of the steel cord belt conveyor was completed. The scope of the steel cord belt conveyor:
Applicable to the ambient temperature is generally ° ° C; in the cold area drive station should have heating facilities; horizontal transport, tilt up (16 °) and down transport, can also be transported by turning; long transport distance, single transport up to 15km Can be laid in the open air, the transport line can be equipped with a protective cover or a corridor; the elongation of the conveyor belt is about 1/5 of the ordinary belt; its service life is longer than ordinary tape; its groove formation is good; the transportation distance is large.
1.5 Working principle of belt conveyor
The belt conveyor is also called the belt conveyor. The main component is the conveyor belt, also known as the belt. The conveyor belt doubles as the traction mechanism and the bearing mechanism. The composition and working principle of the belt conveyor are shown in Figure 1-1. It mainly includes the following. Several parts: conveyor belt (usually called tape), roller and intermediate frame, roller tensioning device, brake device, cleaning device and unloading device.
The conveyor belt 1 forms an endless endless belt around the drive drum 2 and the tail reversing drum 3. The upper and lower parts of the conveyor belt are supported on the idler. The tensioning device 5 supplies the conveyor belt for normal operation. Tension force. When working, the drive roller drives the conveyor belt through the friction between it and the conveyor belt. The material is loaded from the loading point onto the conveyor belt to form a continuous moving logistics, which is unloaded at the unloading point. The general material is loaded to The upper part of the upper belt (loading section) is unloaded at the head drum (here, the drive drum), and can also be unloaded in the middle by means of a special unloading device.
The upper belt of the fuselage of the ordinary belt conveyor is supported by the grooved roller to increase the flow sectional area, and the lower belt is the return section (the empty belt which is not carried). Generally, the lower idler is a flat roller. Belt conveyor The machine can be used for horizontal, inclined and vertical transportation. For ordinary belt conveyors, the inclined angle should not exceed 18°, and the downward transportation should not exceed 15°.
The conveyor belt is a part of the belt conveyor that is expensive and easy to wear. When conveying abrasive materials, such as iron ore, the durability of the conveyor belt is significantly reduced.
Improving the traction of the transmission can be considered from the following three aspects:
(1) Increase the tension. Increasing the initial tension increases the tension of the conveyor belt at the separation point of the drive drum, although it is feasible to increase the traction. However, it is uneconomical to increase the cross-section of the conveyor belt due to the increase, which results in an increase in the structural size of the transmission. Therefore, it should not be used during design. However, in operation, as the belt is stretched, the tension is reduced, and the traction force is lowered. The tension can be appropriately increased by the tensioning device to increase the traction force.
(2) Increasing the wrap angle For the occasion where the traction force is required to be large, a double drum drive can be used to increase the wrap angle.
(3) Increasing the friction coefficient The specific measure can cover the drive roller with a pad with a large friction coefficient to increase the friction coefficient.
It can be seen from the above description of the transmission principle that increasing the wrap angle is an effective method to increase the traction force. Therefore, this method is proposed in the transmission.
1.6 Structure and arrangement of belt conveyor
1.6.1 Structure of belt conveyor
The belt conveyor is mainly composed of the following components: head frame, driving device, drive roller, tailstock, idler, intermediate frame, tail redirection device, unloading device, cleaning device, safety protection device and the like.
The conveyor belt is the load-bearing member of the belt conveyor, and the material on the belt runs along with the conveyor belt, and the material can be removed at the end and the intermediate portion of the conveyor as needed. The conveyor belt is supported by a rotating roller and has low running resistance. Belt conveyors can be arranged along horizontal or inclined lines.
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