Pleurotus citrinopileatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, single or clustered fruiting body, mushroom body white, often with light brown stripes on the surface of the cap. The bacteria meat is thick, delicate texture, unique flavor, with high nutritional value and health care value, deeply loved by consumers. Pleurotus eryngii has a wide range of raw materials for cultivation, easy to grasp technology, short production cycle, high yield, good quality, and easy processing and preservation. It is a rare edible fungus with broad development prospects. Since 2000, the Institute has introduced and screened fine varieties of ferulae and used cottonseed husks, corn cobs, sawdust, and crop stalks to conduct cultivation experiments and demonstration and promotion in Jinan, Dingtao and Huimin. The total bioconversion rate of the oyster mushroom averaged more than 110%, and the commercial quality was good. The production cycle was generally about 80 days and the economic benefit was significant. The high-yield and high-quality cultivation mode of Pleurotus ferulae is described as follows: 1. Formula and variety of culture materials (1), 80% of cottonseed husks, 12% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum powder, light calcium carbonate 1%; (2) 55% cottonseed husk, corncob 30%, wheat bran 8%, cotton cake powder 3%, corn flour 2%, gypsum powder 1%, quicklime 1%; (3) sawdust (broadleaf tree) 40%, cottonseed 40% of shell, 15% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of superphosphate; (4) 50% of cotton seed hull or sawdust (broadleaf tree), 25% of corn stalk, bran 18%, corn powder 3%, gypsum powder 1%, superphosphate 1%. The above formula feed water ratio is about 1:1.3, the pH value is natural. The selected variety was Weijing No.1. The quality of the strain required that the mycelium be full of bottles. The mycelium was strong and white, and there was no contamination and aging of bacteria. Second, the cultivation season Arbuscular mushroom is a type of low-temperature bacteria, the temperature of its germination 23-26 °C; fruiting body formation, growth and development temperature range of 12-20 °C. According to the mushrooming temperature and local climate and facility conditions, the cultivation season is suitable for autumn and winter spring in Shandong. Generally, the cultivation can be started in early September. The clinker bag planting method and the shed outer germination method are adopted. From the end of the month to the middle of April. Third, the culture material pretreatment, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, germination culture mix first gypsum powder and sugar and other water-soluble, and then mix with the main materials, stir evenly. According to the temperature, pile up the fermentation process for 3-5 days, and then dry the bag. Choose 17cm 35cm polypropylene plastic bags, each bag of dry material about 400-500 grams, moderate elasticity. After the bagging is completed, it is sterilized rapidly and maintained at a pressure of 0.15 MPa for 3 hours or at an atmospheric pressure of 100°C for more than 12 hours. After sterilization, the bacteria bags are removed and naturally cooled to room temperature. Inoculation is carried out in the inoculation box or in the sterile room according to the aseptic procedure. Each bottle of cotton husk cultivar is inoculated with about 15 bags. The germination site requires a clean and dry environment, ventilation and shading, the culture temperature is maintained at 23-26°C, and disinfection is performed regularly. A layer of lime powder or mushroom bacillin liquid can be sprinkled on the ground to detect mold contamination bags and pick out in time. Treat with lime powder, formaldehyde solution or Mushrooming agent, and concentrate the pollution bag, and cultivate in a cold and shade place. After 35-40 days, mycelium can be filled with bacteria bags and cultivated for another 7-10 days. The success or failure of fungus production is the key to the success or failure of the production of Pleurotus ferulae. The level of pollution rate and the strength of the mycelia directly affect the yield level. Therefore, the administration of Pleurotus ostreatus is very important. Generally do not use micro-holes, bags, etc. to increase ventilation. It should be noted that the bag film should not be too thin or too soft, and the bag must not be sterilized, the bag must be separated, or the culture material must be too wet, too loose, or too tight. Fourth, facility condition management and fruiting method selection The cultivation place requires heat preservation and moisturizing, ventilation and light transmission, and clean water. Using a winter-style semi-subterranean plastic greenhouse or a big bow shed with a length of 40-50 meters and a width of 7-9 meters from east to west, cultivate ferula mushroom, dig 30-60 cm under the shed, and thicken the wall to 0.8-1.2 meters. The northern wall is generally more than 1.8 meters above the ground, leaving more ventilation holes or a built-in gas extraction tube. Generally, a vent hole is dug every 2 meters. The roof of the wall is covered with no drip film, and the covered grass cover is covered. The heat preservation and moisturizing effect is good. The gas is easy to operate, the light is easy to adjust, the rain and snow days are easy to manage, and the growth conditions of the high yield and high quality of the mushroom are created. The mushroom head was taken as a combination of sterilized sterilized sterilized wall and two mortised soils. The three-dimensional cultivation of the fungus wall or shelf can fully utilize the space of the mushroom house, and the mushrooming is clean, the mushroom shape is round, and the commodity is good; the soil-covered cultivation is beneficial to the water management, the mushroom-shaped enlargement, and the output increase. Shed environment, air and bacteria, soil cover must be strictly disinfected pest control treatment, pay attention to the bag mouth, mushroom surface do not collect water or cover soil not too thick. Take ground watering moisturizing and moisturize the floor, wall or air on the shed. Be careful not to spray water directly on the mushroom surface or the mushroom body. At the same time, adjust the temperature and light in the shed by uncovering the grasshopper. The first tidal mushroom or spring mushrooming temperature is higher, and the greenhouse management is mainly shaded and cooled. After spraying, the ventilation should be promptly ventilated. The ventilation of the shed can be adjusted through morning and evening ventilation to remove moisture and humidity. It is not possible to rely on plenty of water spray or watering to cool down. Fifth, fruiting management and harvest processing Ferulioidea primordium formation of the suitable temperature of 10-15 °C, fruiting body growth suitable temperature of 12-20 °C, diurnal temperature difference of 5-7 °C is conducive to the formation of primordium and mushroom bud differentiation However, it should not be too large; the optimal growth and development of the fruit body is 85-90% relative humidity, which is relatively resistant to drought. The moisture and humidity of the fruiting stage should not be too large; the fruit body formation and development needs scattered light, darkness is not conducive to the ferula mushroom Growth; mushrooming phase requires the greenhouse ventilation, closed too strict is not conducive to control greenhouse temperature, humidity and ventilation; fruiting body growth phase of the cultivation material pH value dropped to 5.5-6.5 naturally, suitable for ferox mushroom growth. Formation of fruiting bodies requires fresh air, light and moderately low temperature stimulation, induction. According to the temperature in different seasons, appropriate measures should be taken to adjust the suitable temperature, humidity, ventilation and light conditions in the shed. Transfer the cultivated bag into the sterilized mushroom shed. When there is a primordial protrusion in the bag surface, unfasten the bag mouth and open it halfway. Use a method of spraying on the ground and air. Many times it is better to spray wet the ground and walls. Do not spray directly into the pockets to increase the humidity of the air in the greenhouse to 85-90%. Ventilate the air in a timely manner for about one hour. Keep the air in the greenhouse fresh and 200-500 lux. Scattered light, shelf temperature controlled at 12-20 °C, can not be longer than 20 °C and less than 10 °C for a long time, 5-7 days bacteria bags can be formed at both ends of the ferula mushroom bud. At this time completely open the bag mouth and roll to the material surface or cut the plastic bag, so that the rapid growth of fruiting bodies, appropriate increase in ventilation, control air relative humidity of about 90%, should not exceed 95%. If there is a small part of the bacterial bag protruding from the side of the mushroom bud, use a blade to open the bag film and allow the fruit body to grow from the side. At normal temperature, it takes about 7-10 days from the formation of the young mushroom to the maturity of the ferula mushroom, generally about 15 days after the opening. The temperature is low, the growth and development of Pleurotus ferulae is slow, the individual is small, the quality of the mushroom is dense and the quality is good; when the temperature is high, the growth is fast, but the quality of the mushroom is loose and the quality is poor. In case of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, it will lead to Malformation mushrooms appear, mushroom body susceptible to bacterial yellow rot, yellowing becomes soft. When Pleurotus eryngii matures, the bacterial folds are completely differentiated, the cap is flat, and the shelf life is short. In the early stage of ripening, it should be harvested in time, and the culture material or soil left on the mushroom root should be cut off. According to the requirements of the merchants, it should be timely sorted and preserved. Fermented mushroom bag generally can pick mushrooms 2 茬. After the first oyster mushroom is harvested, water is stopped for 2-3 days to allow the mycelium to recover and accumulate nutrients. The fungal bag is removed from the plastic film and the boring bed is covered with soil. The bacterium bags are separated by about 3 cm and are horizontally arranged in the bowl. With sterile soil treated with sandy loam, fill the soil and then pour water once and then cover the soil. The thickness of the cover soil is about 1.5 centimeters. Then, after 15 days of management, the second oyster mushroom can be harvested. Should pay attention to the bad weather in winter and even cloudy days, in the greenhouse temperature and heat insulation, we must strengthen the ventilation, low temperature when ventilation at noon is appropriate, reduce the air humidity inside the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of disease. Wei mushroom meat is dense and dense, hard and large, resistant to transportation, and can be sold fresh during the cold season. In order to extend shelf life, avoid flooding, or it can easily cause deterioration. It can also be frozen and preserved in the small package of ferula mushroom, or it can be stored in cold (4-6°C, 5-7 days, the bag lined with absorbent paper) and can be sliced ​​(thick 0.6-0.8 cm) at 45-70°C. In a ventilated oven, it is dried and dehydrated, and baked for about 12-15 hours to make a dry sheet. The moisture content of the dry sheet is required to be within 13%, packed in a polyethylene bag, and sealed for storage or sale. Fermented mushrooms are the most delicious of fresh vegetables, and they are rich and varied. They can be fried, shabu-shabu, salad, dumpling stuffing, soup making, and meat and fish stew.
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