Kazuo County is the northern boundary of Jianchang County in Walnut County. In order to find a practical way to get rich, the forestry department of Kazuo County was introduced and cultivated in 2011. The practice of introduction has proved that the large-scale development of Liaohe No. 1 and gift series of fine walnuts is feasible. Here is a brief introduction to the walnut high-tech improvement technology for this experiment.
1 Rootstock and scion variety selection
The seedlings with good condition, strong tree growth, 4~10 cm thick joints, no pests and diseases, or low-yielding and inferior walnut trees are selected as rootstocks. The scion should choose the excellent variety Liaohe No. 1 and gift series walnuts that have been approved by the state or the provincial government. Each grafting garden chooses 1~2 varieties, and the ratio of main varieties to pollinated varieties is 8~2:1.
2 Scion collection and storage
2.1 Scion collection
20~30 days before the germination of the walnut seedlings, the annual developmental branches with a diameter of ≥1.0 cm in the middle and upper part of the canopy, full buds and small medulla were used as scions.
2.2 Post-harvest handling
Immediately after collection, the wax is sealed with the ear cut or the scion is cut into 5~10 cm and all wax seals are made. Each 30~40 bundles are bundled into 1 bundle, and the label is marked with the variety and collection time. Avoid mechanical damage during handling. The wax sealing method is to heat the paraffin wax, the temperature is controlled at about 90 °C, the scion is clamped with a clip, and it is quickly taken out in the wax liquid for about 1 s. The scion that has been accidentally dropped into the wax solution is discarded.
2.3 Scion storage
The treated scion is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in a cellar, cold storage or refrigerator. The temperature is controlled at 1~5 °C, and the relative humidity is maintained at 70%~80%.
3 high connection method
3.1 Grafting time
Grafting is carried out in the germination of walnut shoots from 3 cm to the leaf-expanding stage, generally from late April to early May. Grafting uses a method of inserting the tongue.
3.2 Prior to rootstock treatment
3.2.1 Control the injury flow. 1~3 days before grafting, 2~3 kerfs are spirally sawed at the base of the trunk at an angle of 10 cm or more from the ground. The kerf depth is xylem, which is 1/5~1/4 of the dry diameter. The purpose is to allow the wound fluid to flow out of the kerf to prevent the grafting site from being damaged by the wound.
3.2.2 Rootstock cutting. When the rootstock interface is 4~5 cm in diameter, the trunk is cut off from a smoother place 50~60 cm from the ground, and the single head is connected high. If the diameter of the rootstock interface is 6~10 cm, 3~5 branches with different orientations, suitable positions and a certain opening angle can be selected as grafting main branches according to the skeleton of the tree body, and the anvil is cut at 10~15 cm from the trunk. Multi-head high connection, all other branches are removed to ensure good ventilation and light transmission conditions. If the diameter of the main branch is >10 cm, you can choose to cut on its branches.
3.3 Grafting
3.3.1 Cutting the scion. The base of the scion is cut into a thin tongue-shaped horse-shaped smooth beveled surface, which is 5~8 cm long and the top end is thinner. The entire bevel is thicker except for the slope of the lower blade, and most of the other faces are thinner.
3.3.2 Cutting of the rootstock. Cut the anvil surface with a sharp knife and cut a crescent-shaped bevel of 2~3 cm wide on the round edge of the cutting plane of the rootstock. At 5~8 cm below the incision, according to the shape of the scion, the old skin is gently cut from bottom to top to reveal the tender skin. The length and width of the noodles are slightly larger than the noodles of the scion.
3.3.3 Insert the ear. Pinch the back skin layer of the scion and separate it from the xylem. Insert the scion xylem from the top along the crescent-shaped incision between the xylem and the cortex of the rootstock until the scion and rootstock crescent-shaped incision exposes 0.5~1.0 cm, and the scion is applied. Stick to the tender skin of the rootstock. The rootstock interface has a diameter of 4~5 cm inserted into one scion, and the diameter of 6~10 cm is inserted into 2~3 scions.
3.3.4 Binding. After the scion is inserted, the rootstock scion is tied tightly from bottom to top with a plastic strap. If a joint is inserted into a plurality of scions, the section of the rootstock is first wrapped with a plastic film, and the rootstock and the scion are tied with a plastic band. When binding, the joint of the anvil and the top of the rootstock are tightly packed, and the rest of the scion is exposed.
3.3.5 Moisturizing. One is the plastic film moisturizing method. The scion is completely tightly sealed with a single-layer thin plastic film having a thickness of 0.06 to 0.08 cm and a width of 4 to 5 cm for moisturizing. The second is the polyvinyl alcohol moisturizing method. Firstly, the water is heated by an induction cooker or an electric furnace. When the water temperature is 50-60 °C, the polyvinyl alcohol (floc) is gradually sprinkled, and the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the water is kept at 1:15, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 10 to 15 minutes. The polyvinyl alcohol is completely melted into a gel form, and after being cooled, it is uniformly applied to the root graft by a brush.
4 After management
After the scion is alive, the germination on the rootstock is wiped out in time, and the germination is removed once every 7 days, and the germination is repeated 2 to 3 times. It is not advisable to water the water within 2 weeks after grafting. When the new shoot grows to 10~20 cm, it is suitable for topdressing and watering. When the new shoot grows to 20~30 cm, the shoots are fixed according to the growth and position of the new shoots, and the branches with reasonable and reasonable distribution are selected as the main branches, and the remaining shoots are used as nutritional supplements. In order to prevent the new tip from folding, when the new shoot is 30 cm long, the stick with a diameter of 2~3 cm and a length of 1.5~2.0 m is bound at the interface; and with the growth of the new shoot, it can be tied again 2~ 3 times. In late June, when the joint between the scion and the rootstock is completely healed and firmly joined, the binding material is cut off at the back of the interface with a knife to remove the binding. When the new shoot grows to 40~60 cm, remove the young shoots from the top of the new shoot 3~5 cm to avoid the windflakes caused by the rapid growth of the new shoots. In the year of high survival and the second year after the harvest, the female flowers and male flowers on the new shoots were removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the faster growth of the shoots.
Before entering the winter, strips of felt with a width of 5 cm and a density of 1 000 g/m 2 were used to wrap the joints and new hair branches, and then tied tightly with plastic ropes to prevent cold.
In the spring of the next year, the cold-proof materials were removed in time before the germination. The main pests of walnuts include the American white moth, the almond chafer, and the yellow moth, which can be used to manually remove the damaged branches and leaves, spray 800 times of trichlorfon or 1 000 times of diflubenzuron. The main diseases are bacterial black spot and anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying with lime-type Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate: quicklime: water = 1:2:200).
The above is all the technical content about the high-quality and high-quality walnuts today. Interested farmers can learn more. If you want to know other technical contents of walnut cultivation, you can continue to pay attention to this site!
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