1. Postpartum Feeding of Dairy Cows 1. In the early postpartum period of dairy cows, appetite has not returned to normal, the digestive function is weak, the body is weak, and the resistance is low. The quality of hay is mainly based on supplements, supplemented with concentrates, and palatability is good and easy to feed. Digestive energy feeds, free intake of high quality hay, and proper feeding of concentrates. As long as the cow's milk production rises with the increase of feed, it will continue to increase the feed; when the milk production no longer rises after the increase, the excess feed shall be reduced to reach the corresponding balance of milk. At this time, the intake of dry matter should reach 2% of the body weight of the cattle, the crude protein level of the diet should be no less than 13%, and the ratio of refined and coarse materials should be 1:3. In order to increase the appetite of dairy cows, appropriate amounts of probiotics can be added daily; for nutritional supplements, 12% of carrots and 11% of sugar beets can be added to the diet, supplemented with calcium lactate or calcium gluconate to prevent cows from licking. 2. During the mid-postpartum period of dairy cows, their constitutions gradually recovered and their milk production increased, and they gradually reached a peak. Feeding high-energy, high-protein feeds at this time must be performed, and the number of feedings should be appropriately increased. The crude protein level in the diet should reach 16%, and the dry matter intake should account for 3.5% of the weight of the lactating cows. Supply fine material, free access to roughage, drinking water should be sufficient and strengthen cow movement. 3. In the late postpartum period of dairy cows, milk production decreased slowly and body weight began to increase. During this period, high-quality roughage should be supplied and properly fed with concentrate feed. The dry matter intake should reach 2.5% of the weight of the lactating cow, and the crude protein level of the diet should be below 12%. The rate of decline in milk production per month should be controlled at 4%~ 6%. 4. Postpartum dry milk period of dairy cows. In the early stage of dry milk, high-quality green roughage is the mainstay, and a certain amount of fine material should also be fed. Generally, 8 to 10 kilograms of high quality hay, 15 to 20 kilograms of green feed, and 2 to 3 kilograms of concentrate are fed daily. In addition, diets should pay attention to the adequate supply of minerals calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and salt to meet the needs of fetal growth and development. During the late period of dry milk, the amount of concentrate fed was increased by 1 kg per week, and the amount of concentrate fed was about 7.5% of the weight of pregnant cows before the delivery. Second, post-natal care of dairy cows 1. Do a good job of cattle and environmental health. Postpartum clean cattle body and disinfected in a timely manner to prevent infection of reproductive system diseases such as metritis; conscientiously do a good job of daily disinfection, winter and spring weekly disinfection of the cowshed and the surrounding environment, summer and autumn disinfection twice a week, and do To feed, drinking water hygiene. Cowsheds, sports grounds to clean, diligently bedding, keep clean and dry, but also should pay attention to air and light, to prevent thieves and drafts, winter to keep warm. 2. Scientific milking. In order to prevent postpartum mastitis in dairy cows, the first week of postpartum should be milked several times a day, milking 3 to 4 times a day to avoid edema of the breasts; multiple hot compresses, 50 to 60°C hot water for each milking Rub the breasts, and use wet towels to warm the water several times; at the same time, massage the breasts before and after milking. In order to prevent postpartum delirium in dairy cows, do not squeeze milk in the breast 3 days after delivery. Generally, only 60% to 70% will be squeezed on the first day, 75% to 80% on the second day, and 85% to 90% on the third day. The fourth day can be completely squeezed. Strictly maintain the milking hygiene, clean the cow's tail before the milking, and rinse the cow bed with water; the milking staff of the cattle farm should be in good health, and do not change often, the milking time, the milking place, and the milking of the cows. The order should be fixed. 3. Reasonably increase lighting. Proper lighting can increase the milk production of dairy cows, prevent vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis, and increase cow disease resistance. In winter, cows need to be artificially supplemented with light for a total of 14 hours. 4. Perform cow breeding in time. Strictly abide by the artificial insemination operating procedures to breed the cows, so that the cows will inseminate and conceive during one estrus period to prevent breeding contamination. 5. Maintaining the postpartum cows once every day, at least one hour each time during the morning and afternoon, exercise will make the cows robust and maintain a higher level of milk production; daily brushing the cattle body 2 or 3 times, can guarantee the skin Cleanliness can also prevent skin diseases and is particularly important for postpartum milking cows. 6. Regularly conduct postnatal antibody testing on postpartum dairy cows and do immunization work for infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and brucellosis.
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