Due to the impermanence of climate change and improper management measures, the occurrence of malformed melons is more common, seriously affecting the quality and economic value of watermelons, and reducing the income of farmers. The causes, symptoms and preventive measures of the common malformation melons are described below:
First, the formation of watermelon deformed fruit
Malformed fruit is the general name of flat melon, melon melon and gourd melon. During the process of flower bud differentiation or fruit development, poor weather conditions and improper cultivation techniques are likely to cause malformed fruit, seriously affecting the quality and economic value of watermelon and reducing the income of farmers.
Flat melon: Mainly occurs in round fruit type, should be caused by the imbalance of longitudinal diameter and horizontal diameter of watermelon fruit. The development of watermelon fruit is characterized by the longitudinal development in the early stage and the horizontal development in the middle and later stages. If the temperature is low in the early stage of fruit development, the fruit grows slowly in the longitudinal direction, and it is difficult to reach the proper development rate. The temperature in the middle and later stages of fruit development is appropriate, and the horizontal development speed of the fruit is accelerated, thereby forming a flat fruit whose transverse diameter is larger than the longitudinal diameter. The external feature of the flat melon is that the fruit shoulder (close to the fruit handle) is wider and the fruit part is concave. The internal characteristic is that the skin becomes thicker, the hollows appear hollow, and the fibers are more.
æª æª åˆ åˆ: Also known as head squash. It refers to the fruit on the one side of the watermelon that is fully swollen and on the other side is stunted. There are two main reasons for the formation of melons. One is the differentiation of watermelon flower buds (1 to 5 true leaf stages), and the formation of malformed flowers is encountered at low temperatures, while malformed flowers will develop into malformed fruits. Second, pollination and fertilization during flowering and fruiting are poor, resulting in uneven distribution of seeds in the fruits. The parts with more seeds, the fruit peels and melons are correspondingly enlarged, there are no seed parts, and the fruits develop slowly, thus forming melons.
Gourd gourd: Long or oval fruit varieties are prone to occur. Its characteristic is that the fruit shoulder is not fully developed, but the middle fruit and the fruit part develop normally, forming a big head and a small fruit. The reason for this is the lack of fertilizer and water in the early and middle stages of the results, especially the lack of water, poor plant growth, disease, pests, etc., which seriously impeded the development of young fruit. The late development of fruit development conditions, the rapid development of fruit and form a gourd shape. The preventive measure is to swell the melon water immediately after the fruit is uncloged, and chase the appetite.
Second, the prevention and treatment of watermelon deformed fruit
1, although the formation of various types of deformed fruit causes are slightly different, but its common feature is in the flower bud differentiation period or female flower development period is subjected to low temperatures, easy to form deformed flowers and develop into deformed fruit; found early deformed melon, if the outside temperature Low, do not rush to remove, can temporarily retain the first and second female flowers, wait until the third female flowers, the outside temperature is also increased, timely removal of the first and second female flowers, to retain the third female flower, generally can be normal Growth and development.
2. Flowering and sapling stage encounters high temperature and drought, pollen germination rate is reduced, resulting in poor fertilization and fertilization, insufficient fertilizer or water during fruit expansion, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil; Affecting the supply of assimilation materials to fruit; artificial pollination technology errors, biased pollination; pests and diseases, especially virus disease hazards, can all lead to the formation of malformed fruit, should be specific to the situation, in the flowering fruit setting period, control the growth In order to prevent leggy, avoid sitting in high-spot melons, conduct artificial pollination, strengthen field management, and provide balanced cultivation of water and other measures to prevent the formation of malformed melons.
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