How to grow madder
(1) Soil selection and soil preparation Although the soil has strong adaptability to the soil, and the soil requirements are not strict, it is better to choose a neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil and good drainage. Soil preparation is a key aspect of planting earthworms. The seedlings are small, the soil at the top of the shoots is weak, and the seedlings grow slowly. The land is not easily finished, which can result in lack of seedlings, broken bar and grassland. In the abandoned farmland, it was broken and ridged in the fall, followed by several repressions to achieve a fine and undisturbed land. The soil was solid and lyrical and ready for sowing. In order to prevent soil erosion in abandoned farms or on barren slopes, land reclamation should be carried out after spring and summer, and with the pressure of rolling. In the early spring of the next year, the top smashed the ridge and it was necessary to carry out repression. It is not necessary to drill ridges when the machine is broadcast flat, but the soil is required to be flat and fine.
(2) Fertilized Alfalfa is a kind of forage grass. Although it can grow on barren land, its yield is low. Therefore, applying some alfalfa fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer when planting alfalfa on a barren land has a significant effect on improving grass yield. The manure and phosphate fertilizers are preferably applied in conjunction with site preparation. If they can be applied in different stages, they can be applied after each mowing, which is more effective in promoting regeneration and increasing grass production. Fertilizer is mainly applied to nitrogenous fertilizer. Generally, 10 kilograms of thiamin can be applied per acre.
(3) Seed and sowing
1 The sowing date for planting seedlings is difficult to be consistent due to different natural conditions. In dry areas with thin soil layer, low rainfall, and short frost-free periods, sowing should be done in early spring, that is, from the end of March to the beginning of April, and it should be no later than the first half of June. Otherwise, it will not be safe for winter. Seed irrigation is better from late April to early May. In areas of winter wheat, alfalfa and winter wheat can be sown at the same time. Autumn sowing weeds harm is small, but can not benefit in the year.
2 The sowing methods are mainly divided into three types: drill, hole sowing and sowing. Drilling is divided into narrow line drills and broad line broadcasts. Different methods are selected depending on the purpose of cultivation, the sowing of agricultural implements, and the terrain conditions. Narrow rows and seedlings, mainly for the purpose of grass production, and more mechanical sowing, the general spacing of 15 to 20 cm, this method sowing grass production is high, but the low seed production; wide row sowing, generally using animal power sowing, spacing 40 to 50 cm This method is adopted for the reserving of farmland or arid regions; this method is used when seedlings are sown, when there are few seeds, or when seeds are collected for the purpose of development. Each plant is fully developed, has flowering and pods, full seeds, and high seed yield; In artificially improved pastures, ravines, floodplains and highways, the sowing volume is generally 2 to 3 times larger than the drill.
3 The seeding rate of seeding is generally 0.75~1 kg per mu, and the grass harvester should be high, and the seeder should be low.
4 Seed-seeded alfalfa seed hard seed ratio accounts for about 10% to 20%, and the new solid seed collection rate reaches 25% to 65%. After autumn and winter storage, it can be greatly reduced, and the hard-solidity rate is gradually reduced with the storage life, and the seed germination power can be reduced. Stay for more than 10 years. Seed cells of hard seeds are dense, impervious to water, and direct seeding is not easy to absorb water, and the germination rate is very low. Therefore, in addition to drying seeds, seeds should be treated before sowing. The seeds were mixed into about 1/6 fine sand. The size of the sand was similar to that of the seeds. Grinding on the mills scratched the seed coat and promoted seed water absorption. Can also be soaked in warm water, the seeds in warm water at 50 °C ~ 60 °C soak for 15 to 16 minutes, and then air dry sowing.
5 The depth of seeding and the appropriate depth of sowing to cover the soil are the key to seedling protection. Generally, the soil sowing depth is 2 to 3 cm. Under the conditions of drought, deep ditching and shallow soil covering should be adopted. In the soil with insufficient moisture, it is appropriate to cover soil 0.5 to 1 cm, and when the water is suitable, 0.3 to 0.5 cm is appropriate. Pay attention to repression and security, and strive to plant seedlings at one time.
(4) Field Management
1 The alfalfa planted in that year was due to slow growth during the seedling stage and was vulnerable to weeds. Therefore, we should promptly carry out cultivating and weeding to see the grassland.
2 Pre-winter management and overwintering protection measures Pre-winter soil conservation ensures that the plant neck is in the wet soil layer and is the main measure for protection against overwintering. The specific measures are spring shovel, summer hoe, and earth in late fall. In places where the terrain is low and where the spring water accumulates, pay attention to drainage.
After 23 years, the field management is relatively simple. Before the sprouting in early spring, the litter on the ground is removed to improve the ground temperature, accelerate greening, and promote growth. Where conditions permit, irrigation and fertilizer should also be applied. In addition, weeding and ripping should be performed after each harvest.
4 Control pests and diseases The most common pests are aphids, leaf miners, and blind stink bugs. The aphids can be sprayed with 40% Leko emulsion and 1,000 times water to prevent and control. The leaf miner can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion and 3000 to 5000 times water, and the blind stink bug can be sprayed with 1000-2000 times of dichlorvos. Diseases include rust, brown spot, and powdery mildew. Rust is protected by Bordeaux mixture, rustin or diuretic sodium, and brown spot is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulfur. Powdery mildew can be controlled by lime sulfur and carbendazim. Parasitic rabbits can be controlled by Lubao No.1.
5 Harvesting pods are generally harvested at the initial stage of flowering, ie when the flowering rate reaches 10% to 30%, when the yield is high and the grass quality is good. Harvesting is too early and the yield is too low, too late, lignification of the stems and deciduous reduction of quality. In the year of the sow planting, it can generally be harvested 1 or 2 times. After two years, it can be harvested 3 to 4 times per year. In arid regions, when the annual growth is small, they cannot be harvested.