Causes of brown spots in rice glume

In recent years, rice grains in some paddy fields in Jiangsu Province have brown spots, dark colors, and poor appearance. After analysis, the main causes are the following aspects, and production should be prevented.

1. The excessive nitrogen application of rice has the greatest influence on the color of the husk. Reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and appropriately increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can reduce brown rice hulls, and at the same time, it is beneficial to improve rice quality and yield. Phosphate fertilizer was mainly applied during the spikelet differentiation stage or meiosis stage of rice, which promoted the transport of sugar, accelerated grain filling, and improved the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The application of potash fertilizer at the ear stage could enhance the resistance of the plant during the later period; Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, plants become soft and juicy, easy lodging and pests, late filling speed slow down, late maturity of greed, easily lead to dark gray rice husk.

2, a large number of brown rice grains on the ear, may be caused by the risk of grain blight. The disease is a fungal disease. The pathogens use conidiospores to overwinter in rice. The second year, conidiospores are released through wind and rain, and rice plants attack the flower and young seedlings after heading. When the flowering season is stormy, the ear of rice rubs each other to cause a wound, which is conducive to the invasion of the bacteria. The damage of young cherries was heavier after 2-3 weeks after heading, and small spots appeared at the top or side of glumes at the beginning, gradually developed into elliptical spots with unclear edges. The later lesions merged into irregular large spots and spread to most of the grains. Or all, it turns into a bluish white, with many small black spots on it; when the rice is milked, the rice grains become smaller, the texture becomes crunchier, and the quality declines; when the rice is nearly mature, it suffers, and there are only brown dots on the grains. The output has little effect. In addition, paddy rice during heading and flowering stage is also susceptible to brown husk formation due to saprophytic bacterium, rice blast, and rice smut.

3. The planting period is postponed and later susceptible to low temperature and cold dew exposure. If the low temperature is encountered at the early stage of grouting, the grouting speed will be slow. Especially the rice grains in the lower part of the panicle are in the period of filling sensitivity, and develop after low temperature infection. It will stop, the fertility rate will drop, and it will be infested by saprophytic bacteria and become brown.

4. Laodelphax striatellus feeds on the ear of rice and produces a large amount of metabolites that have a greater impact on color. In recent years, the number of hoppers was higher than normal, and the nymph of Laodelphax striatus climbed onto the ear of rice during the late stage of rice growth. When the amount is large, the secretion of ash can make the ear brown.

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