News background: According to the report of Yunnan Net, in the fall and winter season, people in some parts of Yunnan have the habit of cooking and eating grass and tonic, but the poisoning incidents that occur after the consumption of Caucao also occur from time to time. According to the data provided by the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as of the beginning of November, more than 20 cases of eating grass poisoning occurred in Yunnan in 2016, resulting in four deaths.
Special Writer Zhong Kai
Yunnan is one of the provinces with the most abundant biodiversity in China, and it is also the place to eat the most “strangeâ€. This has led to Yunnan becoming a food poisoning incident in China, especially in the high-incidence areas where toxic and plant-related deaths occur. Mushroom poisoning is most common in summer and autumn, and in autumn and winter, grass poisoning has become mainstream.
What are the poisonous grass and black grass?
Caowu is distributed in Yungui, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and two lakes in China. It is a dry root from the roots of Aconitum, a Ranunculaceae plant. In some places, the roots of Aconitum kawakamii or Aconitum radix are treated as Kusao, as well as the traditional Chinese medicine called "Fuzi", which is also the root of the Ranunculaceae plant. The common name is also known as Aconitum.
Kusao is a Chinese herbal medicine, and the famous “Yunnan Baiyao†also contains the Wucao ingredient (Fuzi), which is why it is questioned.
Due to the highly toxic drugs, the State strictly controls and controls the production and sale of Acral and Ukrainian products. It is forbidden for private sales of Aconitum and its products. In many places, regulations have also been introduced prohibiting the private production and sale of foods containing grass and arbutus, wedding banquets, rural feasts and other occasions where no dinner is allowed. In addition, the country also clearly stipulates that no straw can be added to health foods.
Grass Ukraine is highly toxic. Ancient Chinese medicine books on the name of grass Ukraine "big heat, there is a big poison," modern science shows that raw grass Wu Wu contains highly toxic aconitine ingredients. This is a "double ester diterpene alkaloids", only 0.2 milligrams can be poisoned, 3 to 5 milligrams can cause death, toxicity is more than a few times greater than the arsenic!
Aconitine primarily attacks the human cardiovascular system, nervous system, digestive system, and respiratory system. Patients often die of severe arrhythmias, respiratory failure, shock, and circulatory failure. Some researchers analyzed literature data for 10 consecutive years, and the mortality rate of poisoning was close to 30%. In addition, aconitine has certain liver and kidney toxicity, and people with liver and kidney dysfunction are more sensitive to it.
After aconitum poisoning, the heart's response is most typical, and some patients have "repeated polyventricular tachycardia, repetitive ventricular fibrillation", electrocardiogram will appear on the "electric storm" generally scary fluctuations.
Maybe you have to ask: If Caucao is highly toxic, why can it be used as medicine? Will medicine be poisoned? In fact, Chinese medicine does not need to be taken orally and needs to be concocted. In fact, the concocting process is mainly boiled. On the one hand, the toxins can be degraded partly, and on the other hand, the toxins are dissolved. However, even if the concoction of Aconitum is still toxic, so the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" requires only 1.5 to 3 grams. Some traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have excessive doses, long medication times, or forget how to paralyze patients, resulting in poisoning.
In some places, there is a tradition of treatment of rheumatism and pain with Shengaowujiu, and aconitine is easily soluble in ethanol, so it is particularly prone to poisoning. To be honest, I have never understood: obviously there are drugs with much less side effects that can be used to relieve pain. Why do you want to use this poison? In addition, the misappropriate herbal Ukrainian wine requires only a small mouth (10 milliliters) to poison people and even cause death.
Some localities in Yunnan believe that Caowu has the effect of dehumidification and kidney replenishment, so it is often nourished by Wutou stew during winter, which has become the main cause of collective poisoning. For example, in December 2015, a villager in Binchuan County, Dali, Yunnan Province invited relatives and friends to cook stewed pigs' feet in their homes. As a result, more than 30 people were poisoned, and 6 of them died of illness.
There is no "spirit" for detoxification and detoxification
Kushiro is too dangerous to persuade Jun Mo to try. However, some people always come forward because of “traditional customsâ€, so here is a brief explanation of the principle of detoxification.
Aconitine can be hydrolyzed into a less toxic mono-alkaline alkaloid (sub-aconitine) upon exposure to water and heating, and hydrolysis can continue to produce aconitine which is less toxic. However, due to the lack of cooking time or the fact that large grasses and arbores are not cooked thoroughly, poisoning events often occur.
Experiments have shown that even if you cook for 12 hours, there is no significant reduction in the toxicity of Seikaitu. The soaking time of raw grass must be long enough to not only require internal soaking. It is best to soak for 4-5 days in winter and spring and 2-3 days in summer and autumn. Then boiled with boiling water for more than 24 hours, can effectively reduce the toxicity of Aconitum.
There are still some “tricks†in the civil society, such as the fact that the fire cannot be broken, the water cannot dry, the pot cannot be placed on the ground, etc., but there is no scientific evidence. No one can guarantee that you have eaten grass-poisoned, and there are no special detoxification drugs. What needs to be emphasized is that there are many varieties of Aconitum vulgaris and their toxicity is very different. The folks sometimes spend up to two days on the stew and stew, but there are still cases of poisoning. Old drivers with decades of experience are still poisoned.
Grass poisoning generally occurs 30 minutes to 1 hour after eating, and the fastest one may disappear in 10 minutes. There is a saying among the people that diners can't go out and play cold winds after eating adobe. They must first drink tea and play cards in the house. I think this statement has some truth. In case of poisoning, at least one of our companions can send you to the hospital for treatment.
If there are signs of poisoning, the first thing to do is induce vomiting, gastric lavage, and get a doctor immediately. The concept of folk dung hydrolyzed poison is actually a means of vomiting. In hospitals, antiarrhythmic drugs (such as atropine and lidocaine) are generally used, supplemented by infusion diuresis, defibrillation, ventilators, and hemodialysis.
Here again, it is reiterated that grass poisoning is very dangerous, and it is very common to rescue them. It should not be used to “danger yourself†for a moment of curiosity or greed.
Zhong Kai: Dr. Food Safety, focusing on food safety knowledge, is an excellent "knowledge porter."
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