Carnations, alias carnations, and carnations, belong to the family Caryophyllaceae and Dianthus. Perennial herbaceous flowers, plant height 60-90 cm, stems erect, much branched. The whole plant was white and grayish green. The stems are hard and brittle and the nodes are swollen. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, opposite. The flowers are solitary or 2-3 clusters are born on the branches. The flowers are red, pink, yellow, white, dark red, etc., as well as agate and other complex colors and border color, and aromatic. Carnations originated in Southern Europe, on the north coast of the Mediterranean, and from France to Greece, are widely cultivated around the world today. Carnation flowers are large in beauty, attractive in color, scented and varied in variety, and have a long flowering period. They are popular among people. They are one of the most important cut flowers in the world today; they are also one of the most widely used flower materials in ceremonial flowers. Flowers, bouquets, flowers blue, bouquets, corsages and garlands and other elegant gifts are inseparable from it; it can also be cultivated in open field, flower beds are arranged; also can be potted for indoor decoration. 1. The establishment of female nurseries and scion nurses For a long time, the vast majority of flower growers rely on self-breeding and self-cultivation. The method of breeding from selected lateral buds on the mother plant of the flowering field has always been adopted. The seedlings are repeatedly used for generations to make seedlings. The quality dropped. The quality of their seedlings will directly affect the growth potential of field plants after planting and the future flower yield and quality. Therefore, a nursery and a scion nursery should be established during cultivation. The techniques are as follows: (1) Seedbed preparation. Carnation is a plant of fibrous roots, requiring loose, air-permeable, water-retaining, and fertile soil conditions to grow; seedbed soil is preferably peat or any other medium that is dominated by peat moss; sufficient fertilisers, including nitrogen, are applied to the medium. Phosphorus, Potassium and some trace elements; Pour a lot of water three days before planting to fully moisten the soil; The thickness of the medium is at least 20 centimeters to ensure that the carnation mother has sufficient soil roots to absorb nutrients and normal growth and development; according to the greenhouse Or greenhouse specifications to establish a seedbed or sorghum; seedbed height of 80 to 100 cm is appropriate, seedbed depth of 25 to 30 cm is better, not less than 20 cm; (2) the introduction of the mother. According to the requirements of the market and the ecological environment of the local cultivation, select varieties, introduce high-quality, excellent quality, strong growth, strong disease resistance, good resistance and good varieties, according to the characteristics of each species carefully nurture; then take strong cuttings, cuttings Rooted with high-quality seedlings, construction and mining nurseries, production of commodity seedlings; (3) female nursery cultivation. 1 Avoid rain. In order to ensure the quality of seedlings, it is a very good measure to adopt plastic greenhouses for rain-fence cultivation of carnations and nursery nursery. 2 density. The planting density and cutting yield have a great relationship; choosing a reasonable planting density is not only conducive to plant ventilation and light transmission, but also conducive to the formation of a high-yield population structure, and increase the effective branching; generally about 50 per square meter density; Dianthus should be cultivated to grasp the principle of shallow planting as far as possible; after planting, pour well, and pour roots to dip water, so that the root system and the soil full contact; if planted too deep prone to stalk rot. 3 field management. The root minister produced a large number of white roots, indicating that the female seedlings had survived, and at this time, the water should be slowly controlled to ensure that the root system was developed; every 7 to 10 days, a fertilizer was applied and a pesticide and fungicides were sprayed; When it grows to 7 leaves and 1 heart, it can start topping. According to the different branching ability, leaves 5~7 pairs of leaves, so that it can be used to prepare lateral shoots for harvesting. Normally, it is not used for seedlings. It can be used as a tissue culture material for rejuvenation and retention. When the lateral branch grows to 7 leaves and 1 heart, the ear can be harvested. Generally, 3 to 4 pairs of leaves are kept on the female parent. Each 25 to 30 cuttings of the cuttings are fixed with a rubber band and placed in a carton or plastic box. ~ 2 °C cold storage storage standby; 2. Carving carnation every year from December to next February is a large number of breeding periods, rooting time takes about 30 days; 3 to April 25 days, 5 to July about 20 days. (1) Slotting preparation. In the seedbed, 20 cm thick perlite plus ash was used as a cutting matrix and was leveled with a wooden board; in winter, the rooting temperature was met and a resistance wire was placed inside the plug; a 10 cm thick medium was placed on the heating wire and after leveling Cutting; (2) Spike. Selecting strong cuttings in the scion plot, every 25 to 30 branches are tied well, and can also be taken out from the cuttings stored in cold storage; (3) hormone treatment. Generally 500 mg / kg rooting powder can be used to treat the root; (4) cutting density. 800 square meters per square meter, plant spacing of 2 cm 6 cm is appropriate; (5) bed tube. After the cuttings must be poured first permeable, generally with a large amount of stagnant water below the seedbed plate as the standard; after 1 to 2 weeks to ensure that the foliar droplets basically, gradually control the water from the second or third week, from the third Since the beginning of the week, only one or two shots of water have been sprayed each day, and the water sprayed has been used to maintain the degree of evaporation to promote root development. 3. The seedlings should be raised in time according to the rooting condition of the seedlings. Generally when the carnation grows to 2 centimeters in length, the fungus can be sprayed twice; the fungicide and primary potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed two days before the seedling emergence; Non-robust seedlings are packaged in bags of 100 strains. Each bag is marked with variety, quantity, grade, and origin.
Pine nuts (also called pignoli) are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be worth harvesting; in other pines the seeds are also edible, but are too small to be of notable value as human food. Our Chinese pine nuts grow in Heilongjiang and Jilin province of China. The mainly varieties are pure red pine nut kernel and cedar pine nut kernel. Pine nuts have been eaten in USA, Europe, Asia and many other countries. They are frequently added to meat, fish, salads and vegetable dishes or baked into bread.
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