First, growth habits
Huang Lianxi has a cold and cool environment, hi and damp, avoid direct light and high temperature drying. In the wild, high mountain areas with an altitude of 1,200-1,800 meters are most suitable. When cultivated, the area with an altitude of 1,400-1,700 meters should be selected. The normal temperature range for plant growth was 8-34°C, and plants were dormant when they were below 8°C or below 5°C. The growth period of Coptis chinensis is longer, and the commodity can be formed only after 6-7 years after sowing. The rootstock grows faster after 3-4 years of planting, the growth of the rootstock slows in the fifth year, and the growth declines after 6-7 years. The roots and stems are perishable.
The seed has the characteristics of post-embryonic dormancy. After 3-5°C low-temperature wet sand storage for 5-6 months, the dormancy can be released and the germination rate can reach 90%. The longevity of seeds is greatly affected by the storage conditions. Both dry and normal temperature wet sands are not easy to maintain long seed life. In general, it can maintain the vitality of seeds for many years under a constant humidity of 2 - 0 °C.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Land selection and site preparation
Coptis requires strict soil requirements. The above layers are deep, fertile, loose, and well drained. Loamy soils and sandy loam are good. PH5.5-7 soil is appropriate. Avoid continuous works. In the morning and in the evening, half-shade and half-sunny slopes with oblique illumination are most suitable, but the gradient should not exceed 30°C. The traditional use of scaffolding is even more. Many forests are now used for planting or interplanting with other crops. When the forest is planted, the dwarf evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and the evergreen broad-leaved mixed-leaved forest with good canopy closure should be selected, and tall trees should not be used. Before the preparation of the soil, the method is to pick the humus soil 7-10 cm above the ground and pick the roots and stones. After the humus soil is dried, collect the litter and weeds. earth. This method is conducive to improving soil fertility and reducing pests and weeds. After the soil is smelted, plow 15 centimeters, pick up the roots and other debris, and apply 4,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer per acre as a basal fertilizer, and mix and level it to make a width of 1.5 meters and a height of 30 centimeters. cm. Slightly bowed surface.
2, planting methods
(1) Seeding: Seeds directly harvested can be sown in summer, and seeds after storage should be sown in October-November. Mu sowing volume of 2.5-3 kg. Before sowing, 20-30 times of the fine humus soil and the seeds are mixed well, and the flour is spread by the amount, and then pressed slightly after sowing to cover fine soil. In arid regions in winter, a layer of fallen grass is planted after sowing to keep the soil moist. After thawing in late spring, remove the cover grass to facilitate emergence. Summer sowing is less used.
(2) Transplanting: Seedlings transplanting can be carried out in the period from February to March, June or September to October, and transplanting in June is the best. However, transplanting occurs at low altitudes from February to March or from September to October. Transplantation should be carried out on a cloudy day or sunny day after the rain, take a strong growth, with more than 4 true leaf seedlings, roots dug up, cut off part of the fibrous roots, leave 2-3 cm long, 10 cm by plant spacing, square planting Depending on the transplanting season and the size of the seedlings, the depth may be planted in spring or in seedlings. The autumn planting or seedlings may be slightly deeper, generally 3-5 cm, leaving 3-4 leaves on the ground. Normally dig the seedlings in the morning and plant them in the afternoon. If the seedlings are excavated, they should be planted in the dampness on the day. The next day, when they are transplanted, use 0.05-0.1 ml/l (ppm) ABT. Rooting powder rooting for 10 minutes can significantly increase the survival rate of Coptis seedlings transplanting, and promote its growth and development.
3. Field management
(1) Seedling management After sowing, the seedlings will emerge from March to April in Hunchun, and the cover shall be promptly removed before emergence. When the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves, the seedlings are planted at a distance of about 1 cm from the planting site, and a layer of fine humus soil about 1 cm thick can be removed from the surface during June-July to stabilize the seedling roots. Shade shelters should be set up before emergence, l畦1 shed, shed height 50-70 cm, canopy closure controlled at about 80%, such as the use of forest nursery, must be adjusted before sowing canopy closure.
(2) Miao Miao Huang Lianmiao after transplanting, often dead seedlings, usually planted in June autumn nursery, autumn planters in late spring thawing make up seedlings.
(3) There are more weeds in the cultivating and weeding nursery sites. Weeding should be done at least 3-5 times per year and 2-3 times a year after transplanting. If the soil is compacted, loose topsoil should be used.
(4) Dressing and earth-cultivation seedlings are planted with 2000 kg of diluted fecal water per acre, and then 800 kg of dried cow dung are applied from August to September. Appropriately increase, from February to March after transplanting, apply diluted fecal water, from September to October and from March to April and September to October each year, fertilize once. Spring fertilizer is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, and autumn fertilizer is mainly farmyard fertilizer. Each time, about 2000 kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, and the amount of fertilizer can be increased year by year. Fertilize soil with fine humus soil immediately after fertilization.
(5) Adjusting canopy closure Regardless of whether it is a shade shelter or a forest, care should be taken to adjust the appropriate lighting conditions to facilitate the normal development of Coptis chinensis. In general, the degree of canopy closure in the year of transplanting is 70%-80%, and after that, it is reduced by about 10% every year. In the year of harvest, all shed covers and internodes can be removed in June to increase the light and suppress the ground. Ministry of growth, increase rhizome production.
4. Pest Control
(1) Powdery mildew originated in late May, and severe damage occurred in July-August, mainly affecting the leaves. Control methods: Appropriate increase in light, and pay attention to drainage; the early stages of disease, the diseased leaves are concentrated burned; with the Qingfengmycin 80 international units or 70% thiophanate 500 times spraying.
(2) Anthracnose initially developed in May and damaged the leaves. When severe, it caused the whole plant to die. Prevention methods: attention to clean the garden in winter; with 1:1: l00-150 times Bordeaux mixture, or mancozeb 800-1000 times liquid spray.
(3) Bletilla striata originated in June, and serious damage occurred in July-August, injuring the whole plant. Control methods: remove and burn the diseased plants, treat the diseased points with lime powder, or drip with 800 times solution of carbendazim.
(4) From March to November, bite the leaves, and the rainy days are seriously damaged. Control methods: Use vegetable poison baits to trap and kill; lime powder is sprinkled in the morning.
(4) Harvesting and processing
Coptis chinensis is generally harvested 5 years after transplanting and should be excavated in early November until snowfall. When harvesting, pick a sunny day, dig up the whole plant, shake off the soil, cut the fibrous roots and leaves, that is to get fresh rhizomes, commonly known as "hair group." Fresh rhizomes should not be washed with water and they should be dried directly. Drying methods should be used for drying. Attention should be paid to the fact that the fire should not be too large. It must be turned frequently, and when it is dry and easily broken, the hot water should be thrown into the tank to crash into silt, fibrous roots and residual petioles. That is, dry roots. After the fibrous roots and leaves are dried to remove impurities, they can be used as medicine. Residual petiole and fine residue sieve can be used as veterinary drugs.
(five) seed retention technology
Coptis chinensis can bloom and fruit after 2 years of transplanting, but the quality of seeds given by plants grown 3-4 years after planting is good and the number is also large. Usually in mid-May, when the fruit changes from green to yellow-green and the seeds turn yellow-green, they should be harvested in time. The seeds should be picked on sunny days or tomorrow when there is no rain. The ears are removed from the stems, packed into fine containers, placed indoors or blocked in cool places, and after 2-3 days of ripening, the seeds are picked up. Then use 2 times the seed of humus fine soil or fine sand and seeds to mix well and store them in layers.
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