Through the three-year experiment and the two-year demonstration, the simple land-protection mode of “double film covering and priming live†adopted by Qianyang County in Shaanxi Province has enabled the production of thick-skinned melons with considerable yield and benefits. The maturation period was advanced to early July. In the morning about 20 days, the sugar content of the product increased from 14.3% to 16.1%, the yield per mu was increased from 2830kg to 4380kg, and the output value increased from 2745 yuan to 4248 yuan, an increase of 54.8%. .
First, select varieties and seed dosages to select early maturing or mid-early maturing varieties with wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, high storability, and high yield. Such as "Pan Xue 6", "Zheng Tian 1", "Marshal", "Xian Yuan" and "Silver Xiang" and other excellent performance, good quality and high yield of new varieties. The amount of seeds per acre is: 100-150 grams for small seeds and 150-200 grams for large seeds.
Second, land selection and fertilizer formula selection of high ground, sunny leeward, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil, fertile soil, good permeability and in recent years have not been planted melons of sandy loam soil. The fertilization amount of mu is: 3500-5000 kg of high-quality livestock manure, 50-75 kg of mature oil residue fertilizer and 75-100 kg of vegetation ash. Fertilizer formula: 25-30 kg of urea, 35-50 kg of superphosphate, 25-30 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, borax, and magnesium sulfate.
Third, ridging specifications and fertilization methods
1. Rigging specifications: ridge distance of 2 meters, ridge width of 1 meter, in which the center groove width, depth of 20-25 cm, ridge height 8-10 cm.
2. Fertilization method: First divide the ridge line by 2 meters, and then use the ridge line as the center to open the groove and fertilize the two sides. The ditch is 70-80 cm wide and 30-35 cm deep. Gully ash is applied at the bottom of the ditch, covered with a layer of topsoil, and then dregs and fertilizer are applied. For insecticidal sterilization, use 50% ground fungus powder to kill 0.15-02 kg of soil per mu. Finally, fill in the table and mix the fertilizer, flowers, and soil to make the ground uniform.
3. Rigging method: In the center of the fertilization area, open irrigation trenches of 20-25 cm in width and depth, and distribute the soil in the trenches to both sides to make a low ridge with a width of 1 meter and a height of 8-10 centimeters.
Fourth, chemical weeding and plastic film
1, chemical weeding: in two separates, the first time after ridging film covered before spraying, per acre with 50% grass grams of emulsifiable concentrate 20-25 ml of water 45-60 kg of water spray ridge surface, shallow two All over, mix the person with 2-3 cm soil layer; spray 1 meter of ridge soil between the ridges of the plant under the second time. 2, film: After ridge surface spraying herbicide, cover the ridge with a wide range of 1.2-1.4 meters of agricultural film, pay attention to tighten, compaction. The amount of plastic film per acre is: 3.5-4 kg. Covering film should be early, its role: First, to keep the moisture, to prevent water loss; the second is to increase the temperature and moisture, and promote the Miao Qi Miao.
V. Seed treatment and soaking
1. Dry heat treatment: The seeds were treated under dry heat at 70°C for 72 hours.
2. Disinfection of pharmaceuticals: Soak 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for 1 hour and then rinse with water.
3, soaking germination. The treated seeds were placed in warm water of 52-55°C and agitated until the temperature was below 35°C. The seeds were soaked for 6-8 hours to remove water and germination. Wet the first layer of wet cotton cloth wrapped with wet sacks, placed at 28-30 °C under conditions of germination 24-36 hours, most of the seeds can be sown when exposed buds.
Sixth, standard sowing and bow shelter coverage
1. Applicable sowing period: From late March to early April, when the temperature of 5 cm is stable above 12°C.
2, sowing method: Select fine weather, sowing the morning. A ridge double row, ridge spacing 50-60 cm, spacing between plants: small fruit type 50 cm, large fruit type 60 cm, 1100-1300 per acre. On the mulching film, dig holes according to the determined plant spacing and pour 0.2-0.3% trichlorfon water 0.5-1 kilograms. After infiltrating the water, sow 2 seed germinated seeds per hole and the thickness of the soil covering shall not exceed 15 cm.
3, arch shed coverage: After a row of ridges and two rows, plug the ridge into the arch. Finally covered with a wide 2 m plastic film or agricultural film. Arch shed material: 200-250 roots of 2-2.5 meters small bamboo culm, 6-7 gram of plastic film or 20-23 kilos of agricultural film per acre.
Seven, field management and branch finishing
1, the temperature management: After sowing until the emergence of ventilation. Qimiao begins to ventilate when the temperature exceeds 35°C at noon on sunny days. The temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 25-30°C during the day. When the temperature in the afternoon falls below 20°C, the air outlet is closed. After the first true leaf grows, the seedlings will be seedlings and make up seedlings. Leave 1 seedling in each hole and seal well. After mid-April, the ventilation at noon was large, and after the beginning of May, the shed film was opened and ventilated overnight. After 7-10 days, the small arch shed was removed.
2, dendrite finishing: usually double vine pruning. The method is: When the main vine leaves 4-5 leaves, leave 4 leaves topping. When the vine spreads more than 15 cm, leave 2 strong vines and remove all the rest. Ziran grows to be picked up at the 22-24 thirteenth stage. In the 12-14th place Sun Man stays with melons, and leaves the guaranonite with 2-3 leaves topping.
3, fertilizer and water management: the early need for more nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus-based late. Generally, as long as the first female flower is open, it can be topdressed. Each acre to pursue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three-element compound fertilizer 20-25 kg, digging points can be applied between the plants. The fruit enlargement period is supplemented with foliar fertilizer, 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added with zinc, boron, magnesium and other trace elements 0.1-0.4 kg aqueous solution, the amount of 50-75 kg per mu, 7 days once, even spray 2 -3 times. Live melons are fed with water under the membrane. Because evaporation loss in the field is small, water can be poured just before blooming and three times before the expansion. Water controlling seedlings at the flowering stage; controlling the water as soon as the fruit enlargement ends, to increase the sweetness and improve the quality and efficiency.
4, sit melon, stay melon and pad melon. Should be pruned according to the requirements, allowing them to leave natural selection and leave them as required by the standard. The number of melons per plant is 2-3. The highest yield and best quality of Sun Mang melons occurred at the 5-6th Festival in the middle of Ziman. The best period for keeping guava is: the young larvae grow to the size of the egg and will enter the rapid expansion phase. The criteria for selection are as follows: The color of young larvae is tender, the two heads are long and complete, the cucurbits are long and thick, the umbilicals are small, and the fruits are large. After fruit enlargement, it should be promptly filled with melon, fully maintain ventilation and ventilation under the melon, avoid high humidity and rotten fruit. The method is to use a straw or foam sheet to smooth up the melon.
Eight, appropriate harvest
1. Picking period: When harvested near the end of the harvest, ripe and ripe fruit should be picked, with the highest sweetness and best flavor. For long-distance sales or short-term storage sales, 8-9 mature fruits should be picked.
2, picking time and methods: usually in the morning or evening picking, should be with a fruit handle, with a temporal leaf cut. Its role and benefits: First, to promote after-cooked, the second is to prevent fruit loss of water, the third is to give the market a fresh, easy-selling.
9. Pest Control
Downy mildew: Before the onset of disease, use 80% of Dasheng M-45 WP 500-600 spray preventive. At the beginning of the disease, 64% of the anti-drug powder and 400 times of wet powder can be sprayed.
Powdery mildew: Before the onset of disease, spray 27% high-fat film emulsion 100 times to protect the leaves. At the beginning of the disease, 15% triadimefon can be sprayed with 1000 times spray.
Virus disease: prevention and treatment should be done seed treatment, strict disinfection; thoroughly remove the field edge, the mantle weeds, and eliminate the sputum in time to prevent transmission of poison. In the basis of formula fertilization, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements were sprayed on the leaves to promote robust growth and increase resistance.
Earthworms, golden worms, and ground tigers: Soil treatment before sowing to kill overwintering pests. Can also be used in the seedling liquid irrigation. After April, the beetle was sprayed with foliar spray of 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times.
Huang Shougua: Use 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 800 times to irrigate the larvae with roots and spray to kill adult worms. Artificial adults can also be captured.
Locust: 200-300 times foliar spray with 0.36%% matrine aqueous solution.
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