Goats are one of the important livestock in the subtropics, humid tropics and dry tropical regions. Its importance is reflected in the diversity of products. Their contribution can be expressed in terms of the economic significance of their products. Since the distribution, living habits and production performance of goats vary greatly depending on the environment, the feeding technology of Boer goats in the southern region is briefly described as follows:
The superiority of intensive rearing Boer goats are native to the Republic of South Africa and are the only meat breeds currently recognized as the best in the world. It has strong adaptability, high reproduction rate, fast growth, strong disease resistance, high slaughter rate, delicious and tender meat, and no smell, and is well received by consumers at home and abroad.
Boer goats have strong adaptability and can live in inland, subtropical and semi-desert. In southern China, it is mainly humid and hot. Sometimes dry heat occurs in late autumn or winter. Boer goats are also adaptable to such a climatic condition and a variety of vegetation and ecological environment. Although investment in intensive goat management, The capital invested in labor and feeding is larger, but the feeding of Boer goats can fully protect the nutrients, and can also avoid the impact of adverse weather conditions such as rain and storm in the southern region on the Boer goats. Grazing goats grow long meat and autumn fat, and winter thin spring death phenomenon, and the southern region is constantly green throughout the year, through a good feeding and management, can make feed Boer goats with good broiled, sexual maturation and appropriate breeding in advance to make up for Slightly insufficient input.
In the southern mountainous regions, there are many bushy species and many species of poisonous plants. Sheep farms generally lack pasture land and pastureland. Boer goats have lower ability to identify poisonous weeds than local goats. Feeding can avoid the dangers of mountain grazing sheep eating only poisonous grass poisoning. . If a certain amount of herbaceous plants, dwarfs, ryegrass, pennisetum and other forages are planted on hillside, the branches and leaves of mixed shrubs shall be purchased quantitatively to provide the local people with the seedlings of dwarfs and the seeds of ryegrass, and then Recycling fresh grass can solve the problem of continuous greening throughout the year.
Feeding Boer goats is twice as long as grazing goats. It takes half a year to grow into a long-term pupa. The average daily gain from zero to one year is about 200 grams. Like other goats, Boer Goats can use up to 90% of the leaves, branches, and shrubs, and the utilization of fresh grass can reach 100%. At the same time, straws and other roughages that cannot be used for grazing can also be used. In order to regulate nutrition, good brewers' grains can be properly fed.
Through experiments, the average daily weight gain of male and female 3-5-month-old ewes is 231 grams, the maximum daily weight gain is over 425 grams, the average daily weight gain is 225 grams during the 5- to 8-month-old, the maximum daily weight gain is 397 grams, and the rams are 7 months old. The maximum weight is 569 kg and it reaches 80 kg at 10 months of age. The principle of construction of the pens The design and construction of the Boer goats must be scientific and reasonable. However, it is also necessary to adapt the measures to local conditions, draw materials locally, and reduce input and output. In the south, there are subtropical and humid tropical climates in the south and southwest regions. The air is hot and humid, and there are many rainy days and the soil is moist.
In view of the natural conditions in the south, the farm should be built on a high-lying, well-ventilated and relatively dry place. In addition, shelters should be built in front of the sheds. One can shelter from the rain, the other can be protected from the sun, be airy and light-transmitting, and the sheep will only have a large venue. Even if it rains for a few days, it will not be congested in the sheep shed. The bricks inside the house and pergola are easy to clean and keep the floor dry and sanitary. The trough is built in a greenhouse, and a large diameter (20cm in diameter) PVC pipe is used to saw the two halves. Each half is used as a food trough. Wipe once with a special wipe before feeding. Clean and refill the trough to keep the trough well cleaned. situation. The area of ​​the playing field is more than five times larger than the area of ​​the pen, which is convenient for sheep activity. The grass frame is made of wood and bamboo to make a square shape. It can be fixed or made into a mobile type. It can feed on four or three sides, and the branches and leaves are placed in the grass rack. After the pasture has been cut into small pieces, it is fed into a trough made of PVC pipe. Lambs and bred sheep houses have high beds. They are made of wood or fir-tails. They are 40-50 centimeters from the ground. The sheep's bed is cleaned once a day and the bed is cleaned once a week. The sheep's bed must be kept dry and hygienic.
According to the sheep's gender, age, strength and weakness, and physiological stage grouping and columning, hand-feeding. The rams above the June age must not be adjacent to the ewes, away from the ewes, build another rams house, and place a ram in the rams.
Reasonable forage structure According to the change of seasons, sheep of different sex, age and physiological stage need to formulate feed formulation and supply. Spring, summer and autumn are dominated by grass, leaves, and branches. When it is insufficient, it can be used to feed hay. In late autumn, winter and early spring, the grass is dominated by fresh hay, with fresh grass and leaves. 20% alfalfa hay powder was added to the pellets. Eat fewer meals, feed concentrates four times a day, green feed four times, and the leaves eat freely. The amount of granules fed is increased from 50 grams per day for feeding to 1,000 grams per day, and then kept for different types of sheep. The original level or reduced to 800 grams. In order to avoid the lack of trace elements, nutrition bricks can be placed in each pergolas for free food.
Establishing a Breeder's Operating Procedures Before a keeper is on the job, he or she must first train and must master the feeding techniques and observations of the herd (only). Each breeder has a small record, clearing the bar, feeding must be observed when the sheep feed, exercise, lying, defecation, heat, etc., found abnormal, timely record the sheep number and report the relevant technical personnel in order to Take appropriate technical measures to deal with. Due to the large amount of sheep's feeding, we must clean the pen once a day, feed it several times, and disinfect it twice a week. Therefore, the breeder must be responsible and hardworking, and should be able to maintain the relative stability of the team.
Breeding of Boer Goats In the tropical and subtropical conditions, Boer goats have the highest reproductive rate among domesticated ruminants. It is also common to produce double lambs, triple lambs or four lambs per litter. Under the conditions of good husbandry and management, female goats can be bred in June, and rams can be qualified for breeding in five and a half months. Although Boer goats can be bred all year round, their sexual activity is relatively poor in late spring and summer. When you combine two or two times a year for three times, you can increase the number of lambs per female on average from 189 to 36 per year. The supply of nutrients is reasonable and comprehensive, and the sheep have good lyrical condition. The ewes can have estrus throughout the year. The rate of continuation of the ewes reaches 100%. The number of broilers and broilers accounts for 583%. The birth weight of single lambs is more than 4,000 kg. The birth weight of twin lambs is 3000-4000 grams, the survival rate of the lamb is 100%, showing that it can obtain excellent production performance under the housing conditions. The implementation of embryo transfer engineering can accelerate the development of purebred Boer goats.
The prevention and control of epidemics should implement the principle of "prevention first" and actively adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures to eliminate the epidemic factors of infectious diseases and prevent them from occurring.
1. Each year, Boer goat's brucellosis, tuberculosis and chlamydia disease are quarantined.
2. Vaccination: Injecting multivalent vaccines of Clostridium perfringens, goat contagious pleuropneumoniae vaccine, and “O-type†foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine in the prescribed doses to prevent the infection of sheep epidemic, goat contagious pleuropneumonia, and foot-and-mouth disease. The occurrence of the disease.
3, to strengthen the prevention and control of parasitic diseases: regular high-density application of a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-cost anti-creep sensitivity (albendazole), 20 mg/kg deworming, elimination of gastrointestinal nematodes, Mo Nitz and T. uteri, lung filarial and sheep liver fluke harm. It is also possible to use bitin (thiodioxyphenol) to drive off the flukes in the rumen and the faecal parasites in the cecum. The application of exterin (avermectin, bupropion) to parasites not only controls ectoparasites and parasites. , cockroaches, flies, etc., and can kill nematodes in sheep.
4, to strengthen the treatment of common diseases: feeding and management, regular injection of bacteria (bacteria) seedlings to avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases. Such as infectious oral inflammation, although the disease is mild, but the impact of digestion and nutrition, and even secondary infection, can cause systemic sepsis, can not be ignored, must be controlled. The principle of treatment lies in purifying the oral cavity, converging and reducing inflammation. When we have stomatitis in the lamb, wash with normal saline or 1% potassium permanganate and apply sulfoglycerol (5% iodine plus equal amount of glycerin) or 02% gentian violet to the affected area.
Lamb diarrhea is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal dyspepsia leading to diarrhoea and metabolic disorders caused by metabolic disorders. Regardless of whether there is mild diarrhea or severe diarrhea, the “Tsai Zi Wang†can be used to cure the lambs once and rarely take two doses. It can be cured only once for big lambs or big lambs. Some sheep were only severely diarrheal and were frequently lined with watery stools with a large amount of mucus and blood. They were mostly gray or grayish green with a strong abdominal odor. Diarrhoea continued until the anus slackened, fecal incontinence, and the hindquarters and tail were contaminated with manure. Resulting in severe dehydration of the sheep, weight loss, weakness, the use of "Tsai Po" powder for treatment, more than eight kilograms 1/4 bag, eight to fifteen kilograms 1/2 bag, 15 kilograms or more to take one bag. According to the above dosage, no matter big sheep or lamb, diarrhea can be cured once. Severe rehydration solution at the same time after the dissolved salt heated to 37-40 °C, according to the degree of dehydration to give the amount of salt, according to 50-100 ml per kilogram, in 3-4 hours served two finished, once every 2-3 days. Not only can it correct the dehydration, but it can also regulate the body's water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, and can maintain the excitability of neuromuscular, promote the metabolism of sugar and protein, effectively control the symptoms of diarrhea and eradicate the source of the disease.
Pneumonia can occur in all kinds of sheep. It is also a disease of respiratory organs that is more common in lambs. Although there are morbidities all year round, it is still most frequent in the late winter, early spring and changing weather seasons. In the clinic, there is often no response, often with no obvious clinical symptoms or only dyspnea. The sick lambs present with symptoms, withdrawn from the spirit, weakened, weak, loss of appetite or waste, increased body temperature, conjunctival hyperemia, flushing. At the beginning of the illness, my breathing speeded up and coughing and runny nose appeared. Chest lungs are auscultated with dry or wet sounds. The principle of treatment is to eliminate the cause, strengthen nursing, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, expectorant and cough, and symptomatic treatment.
The diseased lamb can be found in a warm and well-ventilated shag house to clean the bedding to prevent it from catching cold and cold. As soon as possible, combined with intramuscular injection of streptomycin and aspirin, sodium dimethasone phosphate. Use 3-5 days. Seriously ill lambs, especially when developing resistance to streptomycin, according to the specific circumstances to switch to broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as: Gentamicin, Pioneer 5, etc.
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