1, plot selection
? Ximi honey grapefruit likes moist, loose, fertile soil, so we should choose a lush vegetation, good permeability of red soil mountains, alluvial plains or land along the river, surrounded by pollution-free source of land.
2, the choice of species should be used? Ximi pomelo pure species and? Xi red meat pomelo pure varieties.
3. Principles of Pests and Diseases and Elimination of Pests and Diseases Pests and diseases that endanger honey pomelo are divided into two categories: diseases and insect pests. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should adopt the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, scientific use of medicines, use of biological pesticides or low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue pesticides, no use of high-toxicity, high-residue pesticides, protection and use of natural enemies, before fruit harvesting 1-1.5 months do not use pesticides, should be pest control records and save the purchase of pesticides related documents.
4. Types, characteristics, and prevention of diseases (1) Characteristics of ulcer disease: It is the only bacterial disease of grapefruit, and the source of the disease is a bacterium of the genus Bacillus angustifolius. The optimum temperature for the growth of this pathogen is 20-30 degrees. It is especially severe after high temperature and rainy weather and typhoon rain. It mainly damages the leaves, shoots and immature fruits, causing fallen leaves, dead branches and fruit drop.
Symptoms: When the leaves are damaged, they begin with oily yellow spots that expand to round spots. They bulge on the front and back of the leaves, are corked, and have a rough surface. They are crater-like and cracked grayish-brown. The lesions were oily at the edges and surrounded by yellow halos. When the branch shoots are damaged, the lesions are similar to those on the leaves, but the crater cracking is more obvious. Generally, there is no yellow halo. When the fruit is damaged, the lesions on the peel are uplifted, cracked, and the fruit quality is poor.
Prevention: Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted, focusing on spraying to protect summer shoots and autumn shoots. Pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, agricultural antibiotics, etc.
(2) Characteristics of anthrax: It is a kind of fungal disease in grapefruit trees. It occurs widely in the pomelo garden with declining tree vigor. It mainly damages leaves, shoots, and fruits, causing fallen leaves, dead branches and falling fruit.
Symptoms: Lesion lesions in the leaves occur at the leaf margins and tip, appear gray-brown near-circular or irregular shape, and when the lesions are severe, the lesions rapidly expand, showing large patches of water stains. The incidence of shoot tip injury mostly starts from the axillary buds at the base of the petiole, and the lesions are light brown at the beginning and elliptical at the beginning, and then expanded to long prisms. Some lesions develop into a ring in the horizontal direction, causing defoliation, dead branches, and fruit damage. The young fruit begins to appear dark green oily, irregular, and irregular spots. Afterwards, it expands, appears black, and has depressions. The diseased fruit often falls off. After mature fruits are damaged during storage, the lesions are nearly round, brown, leathery, and depressed, and the diseased part produces black small particles.
Prevention: strengthen cultivation and management, timely fertilization, timely drainage and irrigation, enhance the tree vigor can effectively control the occurrence of anthrax, pharmaceutical control can be used: copper preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate antimicrobial fungicides.
(3) Characteristics of scab disease: It is an important disease caused by fungi and mainly infects the young tissues of leaves, shoots and young fruit.
Symptoms: The lesions on the leaves begin with oily spots and then gradually expand. They appear wax yellow to yellow-brown. Most of them are on the back of the leaves. The leaf tissue around the lesions is funnel-shaped and protrudes to the back. The front of the leaves is sunken and the damage is serious. Often causes distortion of the blade. When young shoots are victimized, the symptoms are similar to the foliage, but the protrusions around the lesion are not obvious. When the fruit is victimized, many prominent or conglomeration-producing or clustered vermiforms often appear on the skin.
Prevention: Clear the garden in winter, pruning work to eliminate the overwintering germs; spraying the first bud to control the germination of 1-2 mm for the first time, 2/3 of the flower and 10-15 days after the flower to spray again. , Summer shoots, autumn shoots spray 1-2 times. Pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides.
(4) Bacterial blight characteristics: Blight is a kind of infectious seedling disease, which spreads quickly and seriously. Generally, it has serious onset in April and June, especially in the high temperature and humidity, especially for a long time. The rainfall period has become popular.
Symptoms: The seedlings are rotted on the base of the stem near the soil, the diseased part shrinks and becomes brown, or the root cortex rots, the top new leaves wither, and then quickly die.
Prevention and treatment: When the disease occurs, the diseased plants are removed in time, and burned in a concentrated manner. Then, copper spray preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides are used.
(5) Flowing gum disease characteristics: The main damage to the trunk, sometimes harmful to the main branch, from June to September each year, high temperature and rainy season.
Symptoms: After the damage to trunk and main branch, the diseased part was initially water-stained, followed by discoloration and rot, and flowed out of brown glue. When the trunk was seriously damaged, the entire tree became a bald shoot and even died.
Control: scrape the diseased part and apply the medicine, scrape off the lesion with a knife, slit a few slits and deepen the xylem, then apply 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate.
(6) Characteristics of plaster disease: Occurred mainly on old branches of pomelo trees with relatively closed tree crowns, and also damaged leaves and fruits.
Symptoms: The white, gray or light-brown, round or irregular shaped fruiting bodies grow on the branches, leaves, or fruits, as if they were plastered, so they are called plaster diseases.
Control: Combine pruning to eliminate diseased shoots. If any disease is found, scrape off the pellicle with a knife and then apply lime sulfur or high concentration sulphur suspension.
(7) Maculopathy: It is a disease caused by a fungus that mainly damages the leaves and fruits, affects the tree vigor and yield, and also affects the commercial value of the damaged fruit.
Symptoms: After the leaves are damaged, yellow patches of different sizes appear on the back of the leaves, and eventually develop into dark brown fatty spots. After the fruit is damaged, red-brown spots appear on the peel, and the bacteria invade the surface of the peel and does not infect the flesh.
Prevention and control: adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures to cultivate strong tree vigor and improve resistance to disease; winter to sweep away the fallen leaves, deeply buried or burned, spray Bordeaux mixture to eliminate overwintering germs, spray protection, and pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, sulfur preparations, etc. Carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides.
(8) Characteristics of coal-fired disease: Diseases caused by the excretions of pests such as cockroaches, aphids, and whiteflies are induced by parasites of soy bean fungus.
Symptoms: A thin layer of black material appears on the surface of leaves, branches and fruits.
Prevention and treatment: spray control can be used rosin mixture, oil emulsion and so on.
(9) Penicillium and green mold characteristics: It is an important disease in the storage and transportation of pomelo fruit, which often causes a large number of fruits to decay and deteriorate.
Symptoms: At the beginning of the onset, the peel softens, water-stains, and slightly sinks. The color is slightly lighter than the sound skin. It is easily broken by light pressure on the fingers, and white mould grows in the center of the lesion. It quickly expands to white round mold. Spots, and rapidly expanding under high temperature and humidity conditions, deep into the fruit, a few days can be extended to the entire fruit, resulting in whole fruit rot.
Prevention: Fruit picking, transportation to prevent fruit damage.
(10) Brown pedicel disease characteristics: It is one of the important diseases in the storage period of fruits, and it also harms branches and causes fluid flow.
Symptoms: After the fruit is infested, it usually begins to rot from the pedicle, and the diseased part appears water-stained at the beginning of the disease. It appears as a light brown spot, and then quickly expands into a large brownish-brown or brown spot. The disease is distributed. A stimulating, aromatic odor, bitter and bitter.
Prevention: Fruit picking, transportation to prevent fruit damage.
5. Species, characteristics, and control of insect pests (1) Characteristics of red spiders: It is a serious pest, also known as the orange alligator, and the red leafhopper. It mainly pierced the leaves, green shoots and fruit epidermis, and drank the juice. , resulting in the appearance of a lot of gray and white fine stripe spots, seriously affecting the tree potential and fruit appearance.
Prevention and cure: Do a good job in the winter clearing garden; catch the red spider's two peaks (from early May to mid-June and September to October) and the wintering period (December to early January) for spraying and control. Can choose to use lime sulfur, quenching emulsion, avermectin preparation, pine tire mixture and so on.
(2) Characteristics of rust wall owl: It is an important locust pest in grapefruit trees. It often clusters on the fruit surface, leaves and green shoots to suck juice through the piercing epidermis. The leaves of the victim were yellow-brown at the beginning and dark brown later, causing defoliation. After the victim's skin became dark brown and rough, it was covered with cracked reticular fine lines, commonly known as “Ukrainian fanâ€.
Prevention and control: strengthen management, increase tree vigor; strengthen observation, if it is found that 20% of leaves have rust wall niches, they should be sprayed immediately to prevent and cure. The medicine can be used for lime sulfur, pine oil mixture, avermectin preparation, and quenching emulsion.
(3) Scale insect characteristics: There are many kinds of scale insects that harm honey pomelo, among which the more serious ones are blown cotton, pulverized grasshopper, corniculite, brown peony, black pecker, red peony and so on. The juice is mainly sucked on shoots, leaves, and fruits. After the leaves are damaged, it turns yellow and green. The fruit cannot fully ripen and color after being damaged.
Prevention: Combine pruning, cut off serious damage to the foliage, keep the tree ventilated and light-transmitting, and increase tree vigor; Spraying agents can be used: pine oil mixture, oil emulsion, imidacloprid, buprofezin and some low-toxicity other insecticides.
(4) Tangerine fungus features: It is an explosive and omnivorous pest that mainly concentrates on the back of the young shoots of the cluster and sucks sap, causing the leaves to lose water, chlorosis, and curling. In severe cases it also harms the old leaves and fruits.
Prevention: Trichogramma eggs are concentrated in the shoots of new shoots. Adult nymphs cluster sucking sap on the back of new shoots. New shoots and hidden sticks should be wiped off in time to eradicate about 90% of effective insect sources; : Imidacloprid insecticide, engine oil emulsion, turpentine mixture and so on.
(5) Citrus big cattle characteristics: mainly larvae harm honey pomelo trunks and branches. Holes appear in the damaged tree trunks, crisscrossing the ramps smooth or full of dung, affecting the transport of water and nutrients, resulting in debilitating tree vigor, yellow leaves, severe dead trees caused by dead trees.
Prevention and control: catch adult worms, kill them manually during adult growth, kill larvae, larvae, etc. have squatted to the xylem, can use wire to insert larvae from the hole into the hole; early cut off the victim shoots, in the larvae found Withered branches are cut off immediately to prevent intrusion into large branches.
(6) Characteristics of leaf miner: It is the most important pest in the tender shoot stage of the teak tree. Adult moths spawn on the back of young shoots in summer and autumn. The larvae infiltrate into the leaf epidermis and form a silver-white curved tunnel to make the leaf curl. Hardening affects the growth of new shoots of pomelo trees, delays the fruiting of young fruit trees, and affects the yield of adult trees.
Prevention: control pomelo shoots, wipe buds to control summer shoots and early autumn shoots, cut off food sources; chemical control, after tipping, shoots 1 cm long buds in the new shoots for the first time, every 5-7 days Spray once more, even spray 3-4 times, the agent can be used: pyrethroid insecticides, imidacloprid insecticides.
(7) Aphid characteristics: The juvenile tree, the result of the tree occurs, mainly adults, nymphs cluster sucking juice on the shoots and leaves of new shoots, can induce the symbiosis of soot and ants, so that the leaves become black, Affects tree vigor and fruit yield and quality.
Prevention: 1. Combined with pruning in winter, cut off the damaged branches and egg branches, eliminate part of the overwintering eggs; 2 Pharmacy control: Immediately spray on the shoots with 25% of the larvae. Agents can be used: imidacloprid insecticides.
(8) Horned shoulder snarl: The horned scapula, also known as stinker, is an important pest that harms the fruit of the pomelo tree. It occurs one generation in a year, and it begins to lay eggs in the March-April period. The adults start to spawn and harm young shoots. Fruit, resulting in falling fruit: May-June is the nymph stage, often 3-5 head cluster sucking on the fruit, seriously harm young fruit. Sometimes it also sucks leaves, and shoots shoots. Leaves the leaves yellow, and the damaged shoots become brown and dry.
Prevention: The medicament can use diatom insects, turpentine mixture and so on.
(9) Flower bud characteristics: It is the pest of grapefruit bud stage. Adults resemble small mosquitoes, female body length 1.5 --- 2 mm, grayish yellow or dark brown, male is slightly smaller, abdomen is thinner, the end is elliptical. The main harm is buds, flower buds are damaged by the larvae after the destruction of the bud tissue The victim's buds turn into short and flat fat "lanterns" or "counter trays." Buds are thickened with petal and green dots, and they cannot be opened, resulting in stray flowers.
Prevention: Imidacloprids, oil emulsions, chrysanthemum insecticides, etc. can be used for ground application or crown spraying.
(10) The characteristics of Papilio: The Papilio species that affect the pomelo tree mainly include Paphiopedilum, Paphiopedilum and Lappaea, which are mainly harmful to the nursery and juvenile trees. The larvae gnaw the tender leaves and young shoots, and the leaves are often severely damaged. Eat out.
Prevention: Chrysanthemum insecticides, bacterial insecticides, imidacloprid insecticides, etc. can be used for spraying control.
(11) Flower-bearing tortoiseshell features: One generation a year, body length 10---15 mm, flat oval, dark brown head, thoracodorsal plate bowl-shaped, dark yellow, ventral black, Dressed in many brown hairs, with 6 pairs of yellowish spots on the ventral side. Live to endanger the flowers, bite the food day and night, affecting the result of fertilization, often resulting in serious falls.
Control: 1. Organize manual killing. 2. In the age of adult emergence, optional drug spray. Agents can be used: imidacloprid insecticides, chrysanthemum insecticides and some low-toxic other chemical insecticides.
6. Fertilizer application must meet the needs of the grapefruit tree for nutrient elements. All organic, inorganic and mineral fertilizers respond to the environment. The quality of the pomelo tree and the fruit does not have adverse consequences.
Fertilization should be combined with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is used in limited quantities, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is not used. Commercial fertilizer must be purchased with qualified products registered and certified by the relevant national authorities. Fertilizer records should be kept and the purchase of commodity fertilizer should be done. The relevant documents.
Pomelo adult tree is usually 375---450Kg per hectare per year. The specific application amount should be based on the plant size, fruit setting amount, soil fertility, etc. It is generally 4—5 times per year.
(1) Post-harvest fertilizer. It is applied from late October to late November. It is mainly organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, and the application rate accounts for 35% of the annual consumption.
(2) Promotion of Zhuanghua Fei. It is applied in the middle and late of January, mainly based on fast-acting NPK fertilizer, and the application amount accounts for 20% of the annual usage.
(3) Steady fruit fertilizer. It is applied from late April to mid-May, mainly based on fast-acting NPK fertilizer, and the amount of application accounts for 10% of the annual consumption.
(4) Strong fruit fertilizer. It is applied from mid-May to mid-July, mainly organic fertilizer and quick-acting NPK fertilizer, and the application amount accounts for 35% of the annual usage.
(5) The amount of results is more. In the 8 ----9 should be applied to a quick-effect compound fertilizer to promote fruit growth.
? Ximi honey grapefruit likes moist, loose, fertile soil, so we should choose a lush vegetation, good permeability of red soil mountains, alluvial plains or land along the river, surrounded by pollution-free source of land.
2, the choice of species should be used? Ximi pomelo pure species and? Xi red meat pomelo pure varieties.
3. Principles of Pests and Diseases and Elimination of Pests and Diseases Pests and diseases that endanger honey pomelo are divided into two categories: diseases and insect pests. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should adopt the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, scientific use of medicines, use of biological pesticides or low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue pesticides, no use of high-toxicity, high-residue pesticides, protection and use of natural enemies, before fruit harvesting 1-1.5 months do not use pesticides, should be pest control records and save the purchase of pesticides related documents.
4. Types, characteristics, and prevention of diseases (1) Characteristics of ulcer disease: It is the only bacterial disease of grapefruit, and the source of the disease is a bacterium of the genus Bacillus angustifolius. The optimum temperature for the growth of this pathogen is 20-30 degrees. It is especially severe after high temperature and rainy weather and typhoon rain. It mainly damages the leaves, shoots and immature fruits, causing fallen leaves, dead branches and fruit drop.
Symptoms: When the leaves are damaged, they begin with oily yellow spots that expand to round spots. They bulge on the front and back of the leaves, are corked, and have a rough surface. They are crater-like and cracked grayish-brown. The lesions were oily at the edges and surrounded by yellow halos. When the branch shoots are damaged, the lesions are similar to those on the leaves, but the crater cracking is more obvious. Generally, there is no yellow halo. When the fruit is damaged, the lesions on the peel are uplifted, cracked, and the fruit quality is poor.
Prevention: Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted, focusing on spraying to protect summer shoots and autumn shoots. Pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, agricultural antibiotics, etc.
(2) Characteristics of anthrax: It is a kind of fungal disease in grapefruit trees. It occurs widely in the pomelo garden with declining tree vigor. It mainly damages leaves, shoots, and fruits, causing fallen leaves, dead branches and falling fruit.
Symptoms: Lesion lesions in the leaves occur at the leaf margins and tip, appear gray-brown near-circular or irregular shape, and when the lesions are severe, the lesions rapidly expand, showing large patches of water stains. The incidence of shoot tip injury mostly starts from the axillary buds at the base of the petiole, and the lesions are light brown at the beginning and elliptical at the beginning, and then expanded to long prisms. Some lesions develop into a ring in the horizontal direction, causing defoliation, dead branches, and fruit damage. The young fruit begins to appear dark green oily, irregular, and irregular spots. Afterwards, it expands, appears black, and has depressions. The diseased fruit often falls off. After mature fruits are damaged during storage, the lesions are nearly round, brown, leathery, and depressed, and the diseased part produces black small particles.
Prevention: strengthen cultivation and management, timely fertilization, timely drainage and irrigation, enhance the tree vigor can effectively control the occurrence of anthrax, pharmaceutical control can be used: copper preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate antimicrobial fungicides.
(3) Characteristics of scab disease: It is an important disease caused by fungi and mainly infects the young tissues of leaves, shoots and young fruit.
Symptoms: The lesions on the leaves begin with oily spots and then gradually expand. They appear wax yellow to yellow-brown. Most of them are on the back of the leaves. The leaf tissue around the lesions is funnel-shaped and protrudes to the back. The front of the leaves is sunken and the damage is serious. Often causes distortion of the blade. When young shoots are victimized, the symptoms are similar to the foliage, but the protrusions around the lesion are not obvious. When the fruit is victimized, many prominent or conglomeration-producing or clustered vermiforms often appear on the skin.
Prevention: Clear the garden in winter, pruning work to eliminate the overwintering germs; spraying the first bud to control the germination of 1-2 mm for the first time, 2/3 of the flower and 10-15 days after the flower to spray again. , Summer shoots, autumn shoots spray 1-2 times. Pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides.
(4) Bacterial blight characteristics: Blight is a kind of infectious seedling disease, which spreads quickly and seriously. Generally, it has serious onset in April and June, especially in the high temperature and humidity, especially for a long time. The rainfall period has become popular.
Symptoms: The seedlings are rotted on the base of the stem near the soil, the diseased part shrinks and becomes brown, or the root cortex rots, the top new leaves wither, and then quickly die.
Prevention and treatment: When the disease occurs, the diseased plants are removed in time, and burned in a concentrated manner. Then, copper spray preparations, carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides are used.
(5) Flowing gum disease characteristics: The main damage to the trunk, sometimes harmful to the main branch, from June to September each year, high temperature and rainy season.
Symptoms: After the damage to trunk and main branch, the diseased part was initially water-stained, followed by discoloration and rot, and flowed out of brown glue. When the trunk was seriously damaged, the entire tree became a bald shoot and even died.
Control: scrape the diseased part and apply the medicine, scrape off the lesion with a knife, slit a few slits and deepen the xylem, then apply 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate.
(6) Characteristics of plaster disease: Occurred mainly on old branches of pomelo trees with relatively closed tree crowns, and also damaged leaves and fruits.
Symptoms: The white, gray or light-brown, round or irregular shaped fruiting bodies grow on the branches, leaves, or fruits, as if they were plastered, so they are called plaster diseases.
Control: Combine pruning to eliminate diseased shoots. If any disease is found, scrape off the pellicle with a knife and then apply lime sulfur or high concentration sulphur suspension.
(7) Maculopathy: It is a disease caused by a fungus that mainly damages the leaves and fruits, affects the tree vigor and yield, and also affects the commercial value of the damaged fruit.
Symptoms: After the leaves are damaged, yellow patches of different sizes appear on the back of the leaves, and eventually develop into dark brown fatty spots. After the fruit is damaged, red-brown spots appear on the peel, and the bacteria invade the surface of the peel and does not infect the flesh.
Prevention and control: adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures to cultivate strong tree vigor and improve resistance to disease; winter to sweep away the fallen leaves, deeply buried or burned, spray Bordeaux mixture to eliminate overwintering germs, spray protection, and pharmaceutical agents can be used: copper preparations, sulfur preparations, etc. Carbendazim and thiophanate fungicides.
(8) Characteristics of coal-fired disease: Diseases caused by the excretions of pests such as cockroaches, aphids, and whiteflies are induced by parasites of soy bean fungus.
Symptoms: A thin layer of black material appears on the surface of leaves, branches and fruits.
Prevention and treatment: spray control can be used rosin mixture, oil emulsion and so on.
(9) Penicillium and green mold characteristics: It is an important disease in the storage and transportation of pomelo fruit, which often causes a large number of fruits to decay and deteriorate.
Symptoms: At the beginning of the onset, the peel softens, water-stains, and slightly sinks. The color is slightly lighter than the sound skin. It is easily broken by light pressure on the fingers, and white mould grows in the center of the lesion. It quickly expands to white round mold. Spots, and rapidly expanding under high temperature and humidity conditions, deep into the fruit, a few days can be extended to the entire fruit, resulting in whole fruit rot.
Prevention: Fruit picking, transportation to prevent fruit damage.
(10) Brown pedicel disease characteristics: It is one of the important diseases in the storage period of fruits, and it also harms branches and causes fluid flow.
Symptoms: After the fruit is infested, it usually begins to rot from the pedicle, and the diseased part appears water-stained at the beginning of the disease. It appears as a light brown spot, and then quickly expands into a large brownish-brown or brown spot. The disease is distributed. A stimulating, aromatic odor, bitter and bitter.
Prevention: Fruit picking, transportation to prevent fruit damage.
5. Species, characteristics, and control of insect pests (1) Characteristics of red spiders: It is a serious pest, also known as the orange alligator, and the red leafhopper. It mainly pierced the leaves, green shoots and fruit epidermis, and drank the juice. , resulting in the appearance of a lot of gray and white fine stripe spots, seriously affecting the tree potential and fruit appearance.
Prevention and cure: Do a good job in the winter clearing garden; catch the red spider's two peaks (from early May to mid-June and September to October) and the wintering period (December to early January) for spraying and control. Can choose to use lime sulfur, quenching emulsion, avermectin preparation, pine tire mixture and so on.
(2) Characteristics of rust wall owl: It is an important locust pest in grapefruit trees. It often clusters on the fruit surface, leaves and green shoots to suck juice through the piercing epidermis. The leaves of the victim were yellow-brown at the beginning and dark brown later, causing defoliation. After the victim's skin became dark brown and rough, it was covered with cracked reticular fine lines, commonly known as “Ukrainian fanâ€.
Prevention and control: strengthen management, increase tree vigor; strengthen observation, if it is found that 20% of leaves have rust wall niches, they should be sprayed immediately to prevent and cure. The medicine can be used for lime sulfur, pine oil mixture, avermectin preparation, and quenching emulsion.
(3) Scale insect characteristics: There are many kinds of scale insects that harm honey pomelo, among which the more serious ones are blown cotton, pulverized grasshopper, corniculite, brown peony, black pecker, red peony and so on. The juice is mainly sucked on shoots, leaves, and fruits. After the leaves are damaged, it turns yellow and green. The fruit cannot fully ripen and color after being damaged.
Prevention: Combine pruning, cut off serious damage to the foliage, keep the tree ventilated and light-transmitting, and increase tree vigor; Spraying agents can be used: pine oil mixture, oil emulsion, imidacloprid, buprofezin and some low-toxicity other insecticides.
(4) Tangerine fungus features: It is an explosive and omnivorous pest that mainly concentrates on the back of the young shoots of the cluster and sucks sap, causing the leaves to lose water, chlorosis, and curling. In severe cases it also harms the old leaves and fruits.
Prevention: Trichogramma eggs are concentrated in the shoots of new shoots. Adult nymphs cluster sucking sap on the back of new shoots. New shoots and hidden sticks should be wiped off in time to eradicate about 90% of effective insect sources; : Imidacloprid insecticide, engine oil emulsion, turpentine mixture and so on.
(5) Citrus big cattle characteristics: mainly larvae harm honey pomelo trunks and branches. Holes appear in the damaged tree trunks, crisscrossing the ramps smooth or full of dung, affecting the transport of water and nutrients, resulting in debilitating tree vigor, yellow leaves, severe dead trees caused by dead trees.
Prevention and control: catch adult worms, kill them manually during adult growth, kill larvae, larvae, etc. have squatted to the xylem, can use wire to insert larvae from the hole into the hole; early cut off the victim shoots, in the larvae found Withered branches are cut off immediately to prevent intrusion into large branches.
(6) Characteristics of leaf miner: It is the most important pest in the tender shoot stage of the teak tree. Adult moths spawn on the back of young shoots in summer and autumn. The larvae infiltrate into the leaf epidermis and form a silver-white curved tunnel to make the leaf curl. Hardening affects the growth of new shoots of pomelo trees, delays the fruiting of young fruit trees, and affects the yield of adult trees.
Prevention: control pomelo shoots, wipe buds to control summer shoots and early autumn shoots, cut off food sources; chemical control, after tipping, shoots 1 cm long buds in the new shoots for the first time, every 5-7 days Spray once more, even spray 3-4 times, the agent can be used: pyrethroid insecticides, imidacloprid insecticides.
(7) Aphid characteristics: The juvenile tree, the result of the tree occurs, mainly adults, nymphs cluster sucking juice on the shoots and leaves of new shoots, can induce the symbiosis of soot and ants, so that the leaves become black, Affects tree vigor and fruit yield and quality.
Prevention: 1. Combined with pruning in winter, cut off the damaged branches and egg branches, eliminate part of the overwintering eggs; 2 Pharmacy control: Immediately spray on the shoots with 25% of the larvae. Agents can be used: imidacloprid insecticides.
(8) Horned shoulder snarl: The horned scapula, also known as stinker, is an important pest that harms the fruit of the pomelo tree. It occurs one generation in a year, and it begins to lay eggs in the March-April period. The adults start to spawn and harm young shoots. Fruit, resulting in falling fruit: May-June is the nymph stage, often 3-5 head cluster sucking on the fruit, seriously harm young fruit. Sometimes it also sucks leaves, and shoots shoots. Leaves the leaves yellow, and the damaged shoots become brown and dry.
Prevention: The medicament can use diatom insects, turpentine mixture and so on.
(9) Flower bud characteristics: It is the pest of grapefruit bud stage. Adults resemble small mosquitoes, female body length 1.5 --- 2 mm, grayish yellow or dark brown, male is slightly smaller, abdomen is thinner, the end is elliptical. The main harm is buds, flower buds are damaged by the larvae after the destruction of the bud tissue The victim's buds turn into short and flat fat "lanterns" or "counter trays." Buds are thickened with petal and green dots, and they cannot be opened, resulting in stray flowers.
Prevention: Imidacloprids, oil emulsions, chrysanthemum insecticides, etc. can be used for ground application or crown spraying.
(10) The characteristics of Papilio: The Papilio species that affect the pomelo tree mainly include Paphiopedilum, Paphiopedilum and Lappaea, which are mainly harmful to the nursery and juvenile trees. The larvae gnaw the tender leaves and young shoots, and the leaves are often severely damaged. Eat out.
Prevention: Chrysanthemum insecticides, bacterial insecticides, imidacloprid insecticides, etc. can be used for spraying control.
(11) Flower-bearing tortoiseshell features: One generation a year, body length 10---15 mm, flat oval, dark brown head, thoracodorsal plate bowl-shaped, dark yellow, ventral black, Dressed in many brown hairs, with 6 pairs of yellowish spots on the ventral side. Live to endanger the flowers, bite the food day and night, affecting the result of fertilization, often resulting in serious falls.
Control: 1. Organize manual killing. 2. In the age of adult emergence, optional drug spray. Agents can be used: imidacloprid insecticides, chrysanthemum insecticides and some low-toxic other chemical insecticides.
6. Fertilizer application must meet the needs of the grapefruit tree for nutrient elements. All organic, inorganic and mineral fertilizers respond to the environment. The quality of the pomelo tree and the fruit does not have adverse consequences.
Fertilization should be combined with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is used in limited quantities, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is not used. Commercial fertilizer must be purchased with qualified products registered and certified by the relevant national authorities. Fertilizer records should be kept and the purchase of commodity fertilizer should be done. The relevant documents.
Pomelo adult tree is usually 375---450Kg per hectare per year. The specific application amount should be based on the plant size, fruit setting amount, soil fertility, etc. It is generally 4—5 times per year.
(1) Post-harvest fertilizer. It is applied from late October to late November. It is mainly organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, and the application rate accounts for 35% of the annual consumption.
(2) Promotion of Zhuanghua Fei. It is applied in the middle and late of January, mainly based on fast-acting NPK fertilizer, and the application amount accounts for 20% of the annual usage.
(3) Steady fruit fertilizer. It is applied from late April to mid-May, mainly based on fast-acting NPK fertilizer, and the amount of application accounts for 10% of the annual consumption.
(4) Strong fruit fertilizer. It is applied from mid-May to mid-July, mainly organic fertilizer and quick-acting NPK fertilizer, and the application amount accounts for 35% of the annual usage.
(5) The amount of results is more. In the 8 ----9 should be applied to a quick-effect compound fertilizer to promote fruit growth.
Natural Chicken/Duck/rabbit/lamb/beef/Fish and meat liver bits are the ideal reward to give your pet for training and we recommend feeding your pet on a stain resistant or uncarpeted area s there is potential for staining.Eastan pet is very professional to produce Dog Snacks.raw material is all the most fresh meat and fully in conformity with export material.pls rest assured that no preservatives,artificial flavours or colours.
Dog Snacks
Dog Snacks,Chicken Cube For Dog,Liver Dog Snacks,Soft Dog Snacks
Eastan Pet , http://www.eastanpet.com