Corn is an indicator crop for many elements, such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. How to scientifically apply fertilization according to the growth characteristics of spring maize and the law of required fertilizer is very important to increase the yield of spring maize.
The physiological disease caused by malnutrition is called a deficiency syndrome. The general lack of a large number of elements is obviously different from the external morphological features that lack micronutrients. In the absence of nitrogen, the seedlings are dwarfed, thin, and the leaves are yellowish-green; the leaves turn yellow from the tips of the leaves and develop along the midrib of the leaves, forming a "V"-shaped yellowing part; causing the entire plant to yellow, and the lower and lower tips tipping to the edges Yellowish green; Severe nitrogen deficiency or critical period of nitrogen deficiency, small ear, top grain is not abundant, protein content is low. Phosphorus deficient, tender plants sensitive, plant dwarf; leaf tip, leaf edge chlorosis purple, withered or dark purple retro-brown end; roots underdeveloped, blocked pollination of the ears, grain is not full, few ears or distortion . In the absence of potassium, the tips and leaf margins of the lower leaves are yellow or red and scorch, and the late plants are easy to fall down and the ear is small. Zinc deficiency is caused by excessive phosphorus in the soil or fertilizer, and soils with high pH, ​​low temperature, high humidity, or low organic fertilizer are prone to zinc deficiency.
Maize is a gramineous crop. According to its fertility characteristics, it can be divided into three important stages: seedling stage, panicle stage and anthesis stage. The most nitrogen absorbed by corn is in its life, potassium is the second, and phosphorus is the least. In general, for every 100 kg of corn grain produced, 2.5 to 4.0 kg of nitrogen, 1.1 to 1.4 kg of phosphorus, and 3.2 to 5.5 kg of potassium need to be absorbed from the soil at a ratio of 1:0.4:1.3. In different fertility stages, the absorption of NPK in corn is different. The results showed that the nitrogen uptake of spring maize was relatively small, accounting for only 2.14% of the total nitrogen. The joint uptake at booting stage was the highest, accounting for 32.20% of the total. The heading and anthesis absorption accounted for 18.95% of the total. At the grain formation stage, the absorption amounted to 46.7% of the total amount. The absorption of phosphorus in spring maize was 1.12% of the total amount at the seedling stage, 45.04% of the total amount at the jointing and booting stage, and the period of heading fertilization and grain formation was 53.84% of the total. The absorption of potassium by corn is basically similar to that of summer corn, and it is absorbed by more than 70% before heading and 30% when heading and fertilizing. The accumulation of dry matter in corn is closely related to the level of nutrition. The absorption of N, P, and K elements are all shown to be less in seedling stage, significantly increased in jointing stage, and the characteristics of required fertilizer at the highest peak from booting to heading. Therefore, fertilization of maize should be based on this feature, as far as possible before fertilization peak season.
The principle of fertilizing spring maize is based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; farmyard fertilizer is the mainstay, and chemical fertilizer is the supplement; nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is the supplement; panicle fertilizer is the main fertilizer and grain fertilizer is the supplement. Organic fertilizer, total phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer were applied as base fertilizer.
When the basal fertilizer is applied, it should be uniformly mixed with the soil. In general, 37,500 to 600,000 kg of farmyard manure can be applied per hectare. If nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 200-300 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50-75 kg of urea can be applied per hectare. Be sure to deepen it to prevent loss of nitrogen volatilization. In phosphate-deficient soil, 450-600 kg of calcium phosphate is applied per hectare; in potassium-depleted soil, 150 kg of potassium chloride is applied per hectare; in zinc-deficient soil, 17 kg of zinc sulfate is applied per hectare. Before spring sowing, a small amount of farmyard manure was used as a corn seed fertilizer in combination with appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Corn topdressing is an important measure for high-yielding cultivation of maize, and most of the fertilizers are lighter and heavier than before, that is, 1/3 of topdressing corn is applied before jointing, and 75~150kg of urea is applied per hectare. Two-thirds of the topdressing fertilizers, topdressing 150-300kg of urea per hectare, increased production by 13.3% compared with the former method of applying lighter fertilizers.
The physiological disease caused by malnutrition is called a deficiency syndrome. The general lack of a large number of elements is obviously different from the external morphological features that lack micronutrients. In the absence of nitrogen, the seedlings are dwarfed, thin, and the leaves are yellowish-green; the leaves turn yellow from the tips of the leaves and develop along the midrib of the leaves, forming a "V"-shaped yellowing part; causing the entire plant to yellow, and the lower and lower tips tipping to the edges Yellowish green; Severe nitrogen deficiency or critical period of nitrogen deficiency, small ear, top grain is not abundant, protein content is low. Phosphorus deficient, tender plants sensitive, plant dwarf; leaf tip, leaf edge chlorosis purple, withered or dark purple retro-brown end; roots underdeveloped, blocked pollination of the ears, grain is not full, few ears or distortion . In the absence of potassium, the tips and leaf margins of the lower leaves are yellow or red and scorch, and the late plants are easy to fall down and the ear is small. Zinc deficiency is caused by excessive phosphorus in the soil or fertilizer, and soils with high pH, ​​low temperature, high humidity, or low organic fertilizer are prone to zinc deficiency.
Maize is a gramineous crop. According to its fertility characteristics, it can be divided into three important stages: seedling stage, panicle stage and anthesis stage. The most nitrogen absorbed by corn is in its life, potassium is the second, and phosphorus is the least. In general, for every 100 kg of corn grain produced, 2.5 to 4.0 kg of nitrogen, 1.1 to 1.4 kg of phosphorus, and 3.2 to 5.5 kg of potassium need to be absorbed from the soil at a ratio of 1:0.4:1.3. In different fertility stages, the absorption of NPK in corn is different. The results showed that the nitrogen uptake of spring maize was relatively small, accounting for only 2.14% of the total nitrogen. The joint uptake at booting stage was the highest, accounting for 32.20% of the total. The heading and anthesis absorption accounted for 18.95% of the total. At the grain formation stage, the absorption amounted to 46.7% of the total amount. The absorption of phosphorus in spring maize was 1.12% of the total amount at the seedling stage, 45.04% of the total amount at the jointing and booting stage, and the period of heading fertilization and grain formation was 53.84% of the total. The absorption of potassium by corn is basically similar to that of summer corn, and it is absorbed by more than 70% before heading and 30% when heading and fertilizing. The accumulation of dry matter in corn is closely related to the level of nutrition. The absorption of N, P, and K elements are all shown to be less in seedling stage, significantly increased in jointing stage, and the characteristics of required fertilizer at the highest peak from booting to heading. Therefore, fertilization of maize should be based on this feature, as far as possible before fertilization peak season.
The principle of fertilizing spring maize is based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; farmyard fertilizer is the mainstay, and chemical fertilizer is the supplement; nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is the supplement; panicle fertilizer is the main fertilizer and grain fertilizer is the supplement. Organic fertilizer, total phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer were applied as base fertilizer.
When the basal fertilizer is applied, it should be uniformly mixed with the soil. In general, 37,500 to 600,000 kg of farmyard manure can be applied per hectare. If nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 200-300 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50-75 kg of urea can be applied per hectare. Be sure to deepen it to prevent loss of nitrogen volatilization. In phosphate-deficient soil, 450-600 kg of calcium phosphate is applied per hectare; in potassium-depleted soil, 150 kg of potassium chloride is applied per hectare; in zinc-deficient soil, 17 kg of zinc sulfate is applied per hectare. Before spring sowing, a small amount of farmyard manure was used as a corn seed fertilizer in combination with appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Corn topdressing is an important measure for high-yielding cultivation of maize, and most of the fertilizers are lighter and heavier than before, that is, 1/3 of topdressing corn is applied before jointing, and 75~150kg of urea is applied per hectare. Two-thirds of the topdressing fertilizers, topdressing 150-300kg of urea per hectare, increased production by 13.3% compared with the former method of applying lighter fertilizers.
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