When eating raw cucumbers, they often encounter bitter melons, which are more common in winter and spring. Bitterness seriously affects the eating quality of cucumbers. Cucumber bitterness is a physiological disease, due to the accumulation of bittersin in cucumber. The main cause of the disease is not only related to the heredity of the cultivar, but also closely related to the specific microclimate effects such as temperature, humidity, and light, and is also closely related to the unreasonable measures such as fertilization and watering. Therefore, the incidence of cucumber in protected areas is much higher than that of cucumbers in open fields. Many years of scientific research and production practices have shown that the use of the following recipes can effectively reduce and prevent the production of cucumber bittersin.
I. Selection of disease-resistant varieties The selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure. It is necessary to select varieties that do not produce bittersin. Practice has shown that the cucumber varieties such as Shandong Miaotong and Changchun Mickey are very easy to produce bittersin. On the other hand, cucumber varieties such as Jinza No.2, Jinza No.4, and Jinyan No.4 are not only high-yielding and high-quality, but also have little bitterness. Therefore, these resistant varieties should be used.
Second, the regulation of good humidity by watering and adjusting the vents and other measures to regulate the protection of soil moisture and air humidity. Due to the fast growth and development of cucumbers, the thin and large leaves, and the rapid evaporation of water, it is necessary to maintain adequate soil moisture and high air humidity in order to meet the needs of cucumber growth and development. When the humidity is too low, physiological drought occurs, and drought can easily lead to accumulation of bittersin. The requirements for air humidity in protected areas are: The relative humidity in the morning should be kept at 75% and in the afternoon at 70%. The ground should be properly watered in a timely manner, should not flood irrigation, so that "eat more meals," to maintain the soil is not wet, moderate moisture content.
Third, the regulation of good temperature research shows that when the temperature is lower than 13 °C or higher than 30 °C, will increase the amount of bitter. Therefore, in combination with watering and other management measures, and through the adjustment of vents and other methods, so that the protection of the ground temperature at 25-30 °C in the morning, afternoon control at 20-25 °C. This temperature can effectively avoid the temperature generated by bitter, but also conducive to the growth and development of cucumber.
Fourth, scientific fertilization and fertilization are not scientific, prone to leggy phenomenon, leading to poor reproductive growth of cucumber, increased bitter. According to the requirement of 5:2:6 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for cucumber life, scientific fertilization is required. 5000-6000 kilograms of quality farmyard manure cooked per acre base, mixed with 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and applied in the planting ditch, then the fertilizer and the soil are mixed evenly. Topdressing to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage, topdressing phosphorus and potash fertilizers to prevent plant growth, and to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the medium term, and to increase the application of phosphorus and potash to fully determine the need for large-scale flowering; late-stage foliar spraying 0.3% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times. This fertilization method can not only meet the needs of cucumber for nutrients, increase the yield of cucumber, but also effectively prevent the production of bittersin.
Fifth, a reasonable dense planting density is too high, poor light transmission, will result in reduced photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation decreased, accumulation of bitterness increased. In order to improve the conditions for ventilation and light transmission, and to control the increase in bittersin, it is necessary to achieve proper close planting and carry out large and small rows of plants. Large row spacing 80 cm, small row spacing 60 cm, 30 cm spacing, planting around 4,000 per acre is appropriate. This will not only help improve photosynthesis, increase production, but also effectively control the production of bittersin.
Six, do a good frame, tied vines, picking cucumber during the growth of the scaffolding, should be based on the principle of increasing the light between the plants, elevated by the variety of growth may be. When the main vine grows to 30-35 centimeters, the first time the vines are tied, and afterwards, every 3-4 knots are tied together, and when the main vine climbs to the top of the rack, it will be picked up. Topping the seeds can promote the fruiting of the vines, so as to control the length of the shoots, ensure good light transmission, improve the photosynthetic function of the leaves, and have a good effect on the prevention of bitterness.
7. Spray rare earth micro-fertilizer in cucumber seedling stage, initial flowering stage, and young stage. Each spraying of rare earth micro-fertilizer can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, increase the disease resistance of the leaves, control the production of bitter pigment, and can improve cucumbers. With a sugar content of 1%-2%, the yield and quality of cucumber are significantly improved. According to experiments, spraying rare earth fertilization for 3 times can increase production by 5%-6.8%.
Eight, foliar spray sugar, fertilizer mixture in the flowering and fruiting period of cucumber, each spray 1-2 times sugar, fertilizer mixture, can receive increased output, improve the quality of the effect, so that the cucumber becomes brittle Sweet and sweet. According to the trial in Changle County, Shandong Province: Spraying the sugar-fermented mixture twice will increase the yield by more than 6% and increase the sugar content by 2%-3%. Spraying method: 500 grams of sugar per acre, urea 500 grams, 150 kilograms of water, mixed evenly, no leaf after the afternoon at 4 pm, spray 80-100 kg of solution per acre, to make the leaves Both the front and the back are stained with a mixture.
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