First, cruciferous vegetables include the types of cabbage: Chinese cabbage, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, seaweed, red Chinese cabbage, etc.; cabbage: broccoli, broccoli, kale, broccoli, cabbage and cabbage; mustard : Leaf mustard, stem mustard (head dish), root mustard (autumn), mustard, etc.; radish; aquatic vegetables. Second, cruciferous vegetables, the main pests and prevention methods 1, the dish leeks pods small soft, body shape is mostly near the oval, body color changes. Adult larvae and larvae suck juice on the leaves, resulting in curling and deformation of the leaves, poor plant growth, affecting the heart, resulting in reduced yields; damage stems, pedicels and tender pods of the seed strains, resulting in distortion of the pedicel deformity, can not be normal twitching , flowering, scab, pods are not full. In addition, maggots are also the vectors of cruciferous vegetable viruses, which are caused by the transmission of viruses, and sometimes they are more harmful than crickets themselves. Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: In the summer, the cruciferous vegetables can be planted or reduced, cutting or reducing the source and source of poison. (2) Physical control: 1 Use silver-gray film to avoid embarrassment. The seedbed is covered with a 17-cm wide silver-gray film, and a 3-6 cm wide silver-gray film is placed on the bedside every 60-100 cm. This can be used to prevent diarrhoea; The oil on the yellow board is inserted in the field, and the spring beetle can trap and kill the winged owl and reduce the density of the locust in the field in the spring and autumn. 3 Chemical control: The first choice medicine for the rapeseed meal is 50% anti-influx (dispelling mist) 2000-3000 times liquid, followed by 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (Iridamine, alum) 1000-2000 times liquid. It can also use 2.5% rotenone EC 500 times, or 30% rosin sodium 150-300 times, or 15% Lepo EC 2000-3000 times, or 1.3% rotenone EC 400-500 times. Or 10% Chlormethrin EC 1200-2400 times. Note alternate spraying 2-3 times or 3-4 times, depending on the situation of insects, seedlings, weather and other spray every 7-10 days, 10-15 days before harvest should stop medication. 2. The yellow-trickle-jumps are commonly referred to as the dog-worms, and the adults and larvae can be harmful to the host plants. Adults eat many small holes in the leaf surface, especially the most serious seedling damage. Freshly emerged seedlings, cotyledons are eaten or bite the growing point can cause the whole plant to die, resulting in seedling deficiency, or even destroy the seed. The larvae cut the root bark of the vegetable in the soil into a number of looped benthic tracts or snap fibrous roots. The more serious the pest is, the more serious it is to the south. Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Do a good job of idyllic cleanliness, remove deciduous leaves from the vegetable garden, eradicate weeds to eliminate its overwintering place and foodstuff base; 2 Timely ploughing and sowing soil before harvest or before sowing, creating unfavorable larvae The living environment eliminates some of the insects; 3 promote the rotation of cruciferous vegetables and other vegetables to reduce the damage; 4 strengthen the water and fertilizer management at the seedling stage; 5 use no insect seedlings when transplanting, if there is a root worm, the available liquid Dipping root, such as 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times or 2.5% rattan EC 600-800 times. (2) Physical control: Let black light trap adult insects. (3) Chemical prevention and control: (1) Drenched with pesticide as the main measure, 50% phoxim EC, 18% insecticide, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution was applied separately; 2 soil treatment before sowing, 5% phoxim granules (3 kg/mu), or Milur (1.5 kg/mu), or the above-mentioned agent of leaching The effect of killing larvae and pupae is good, and the residual effect period is more than 20 days, and can be used once; 3 spraying, during the period of adult activity, spraying from Tianbian to Tiannen, taking seedling stage as the focus of prevention and control. In addition to the above-mentioned drugs, they can also use 2.5% Kung Fu or Uranus, or 5% faster to kill enemy emulsion 5000 times, or 20% chlorimidine 3000 times, or 90% Bataan soluble powder 1000-2000 times. , Or 18% of insecticidal biphasic solution of 300 times, or 21% killing quail EC 4000 times solution. 3. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus) is a larvae host plant. The first instar larvae only eat leafy meat, and the old larvae bite the leaves, resulting in nicks and holes. In spring and autumn, it was a disaster. Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Reasonable layout, in the large-area vegetable planting area or vegetable field of cruciferous vegetables, consciously grow non-host crops such as melon beans to make them separated by a certain distance; 2 after harvest Completely remove field stubbles and weeds in a timely manner and try to plow tillage and soil as soon as possible to reduce the insect source. 3 For cabbages, cabbages and other vegetables with a short growth period, try to make them grow one by one in the management and make the harvesting period more consistent. In a short period of time, we can unify the harvesting and unified tillage vegetable fields in order to effectively suppress the insect source. (2) Physical control: Using the characteristics of the moth's phototaxis and yellowing, a viscous yellow plate was used to trap adult insects during the adult stage. Seedlings for cabbage vegetables can be considered in the form of a small gauze nursery to avoid pests. (4) Chemical prevention and control: 1 New pesticides should be promoted, mixed, or used in combination with synergists and pesticides that are different from the commonly used insecticides; 2 they must have a proper control period; 3 they should be skillful; 4 Guangdong The recommended medicines for use in the vegetable area are: Compound Coccus edodes wettable powder 800-1200 times, or 50% anti-insect 992 Emulsion 500-800 times, or 1% Vespa Emulsion 600-800 times, or 98% Dan soluble powder 1500 times (if mixed with Bt EC is better), or 10% divided by EC 2300-4500 times, or 20% inhibition of fleas suspension 400-630 times, avermectin can also be used. 4. Vegetable leeks, commonly known as “heartworms†and “heartwormsâ€, are important pests of cruciferous vegetables during seedling stage. Its damage is characterized by: larvae drill larvae, feeding seedlings heart and leaves, and spinning netting, the damaged seedlings due to the destruction of the growth point to stop growing, or even wilting to death, not only caused by lack of seedlings, and its old worms can drill Stalks and roots of the stem, spread soft rot, resulting in rotten vegetables, cut production. Most of the dishes are infested during August-October. Prevention points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Timely plowing of land after harvest to clean the pasture to reduce the source of insects; 2 Adjust the sowing time appropriately according to the conditions of the land, as far as possible to stagger the 3-5 true leaves of the seedlings and the period of occurrence of the insects. Can reduce the degree of victimization; 3 properly watered to increase soil moisture, can inhibit pests. (2) Control of spraying: It is necessary to grasp the timely application of insects at the time of adult emergence and larval incubating, or to arrange spraying according to the first time that the seedlings are damaged. The agent may be selected as follows: 21% of chlorpyrifos, 20% of fenvalerate, 20% of chlorimidazole each 6000 times, or 2.5% of kungfu 4,000 times, or 2.5% of Uranus 3,000 times each, or 5 % Nong Lunte EC, or 5% stuck Ke EC, 5% Cu Tai Bao EC 5000 times each, or Cu Long 1500-2000 times and Kung Fu 3,000 times. Pay attention to alternate spraying to ensure that the medicine is sprayed on the heart and leaves of the seedlings, and depending on the seedlings, insects, and the weather, the spray is sprayed 2-3 times, and sprayed once every 7-15 days. 5, cabbage butterfly also known as white butterfly, its larvae commonly known as cabbage caterpillar. The cabbage white butterfly used larvae to harm cruciferous vegetables, and the larvae ate leaves, which seriously affected the growth and development of the plants, resulting in reduced yield. In addition, the worms excreted by larvae can contaminate bulbs of cauliflower and reduce the value of commercial products; wounds that are damaged on cabbage are susceptible to soft rot and cause the whole plant to rot and die. The cabbage butterfly is suitable for the monthly average temperature of 20-25 °C, and the monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm. The low temperature or high temperature and rainy season all affect their fertility, especially in the rainy season. Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: Reference to control of diamondback moth. (2) Biological control: 1Spray a bacterial insecticide such as Bt emulsion or adult insecticide 500-1000 times, spray at a temperature of 20°C or more and 3 years of age, spray 3 times, spray every 7-15 days. 1; 2 spray cabbage granules virus preparations, if there is no ready-made preparations, can be used 5 10 years old dead body 10-13 head / mu, smashed with water 37-150 kg / acre uniform spray, cabbage, cabbage from the colonization To harvest 1-2 sprays, broccoli, kale is sprayed 3-4 times throughout the whole, every 10-15 days 1; 3 chemical control: where applicable for chemical resistance of Plutella xylostella can be used to control Pieris. In addition, the resistance status of Pieris rapae in different parts of the country can be selected from the following agents: 40% methylzincphos emulsion 1000-2000 times, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2000-3000 times, or 0.5% 600-1200 times of insect emulsifiable concentrate, or 500-700 times of 0.5% of veratrine base alcohol solution, or 450-1000 times of 1% matrine solution, or 15% of bromine emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times, or 70% of bromine Horse cream 2500-5000 times, or 70% dibromourethane 4500-7000 times, or 37% cis-trans Chlorella EC 800-1600 times, or 25% cymoxane 2500-5000 times, or 20% Chrysanthemum killing emulsifiable concentrate 2000-4000 times, or kungfu 3000-5000 times and Kulong 1500-2000 times mixed.
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