Dairy cow perinatal period refers to the period of time before and after the cow's delivery. It includes late pregnancy and early lactation. As the cows have undergone major changes in the physiological aspects of this stage, the resistance has decreased, and it is very easy to become ill and may even affect the milk production throughout the lactation period. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the feeding and management of dairy cows during the perinatal period. The author proposes that the majority of dairy cow farmers should start from three aspects, improve the management measures to ensure that the cows can successfully pass the perinatal period.
1, adjust the feeding method
The general principle is to maintain a balanced balance between calcium and salt.
1 The feeding amount of the concentrate can be fed according to the standard of dry milk period, and 3-5kg per day is appropriate, but the specific amount should also be determined by the actual situation of the dairy cow. The maximum amount of feed can not exceed 1% of the weight of the dairy cow. Excessive feeding of concentrates will not only increase feed costs, but also cause diseases such as dystocia and ketosis. For cows with little change in breast size and slim body shape, some concentrates may be added appropriately, but milk should be prevented from rushing.
2 The amount of salt in the first 15 days before delivery should be reduced from 75-100g per day to 30-50g. After transferring to the delivery room, the amount of salt should be reduced appropriately to promote the recovery of postpartum appetite.
3 Low-calcium diets should be applied to the 15 days of pre-natal dairy cows to reduce the calcium content of the dairy cows' diet to 1/3-1/2 of the usual time, accelerate the transfer of calcium from the bones of the cows to the blood, and effectively prevent postpartum The occurrence of paralysis.
2. Improve management and protection measures
1 After the cow enters the perinatal period, the qualified farmers need to set up a delivery room, and the production bed should be dry, ventilated and quiet.
2 Appropriately increase prenatal exercise for dairy cows and prepare for childbirth. Childbirth is dominated by natural birth. If you need midwifery, it must be strictly disinfected.
3 After milking, cows should be immediately fed with mother water or warm brown sugar water and stand up to promote the elimination of postpartum lochia.
4 In the 1-2 days after childbirth, feed cornstarch, bran and other digestible concentrates and high quality hay. For cows that have no placenta, cows can be treated with uterus in combination with systemic treatment of cows to prevent complications. At the same time, it is necessary to observe and monitor at any time to minimize the occurrence of metabolic diseases of the digestive tract, so as to achieve prolific milk and less illness, and to provide adequate preparations for breeding 60 days after childbirth.
3, control the number of milking
Whether milk cows can grasp the amount of milk after delivery can directly affect the health of dairy cows and the function of lactating function. If they are not well grasped, cows can easily induce postpartum metabolic disorders in cows. Therefore, it must be controlled scientifically. In general, on the first post-natal day of cows, milking should be 1/3 of the daily milk production. From the second day after childbirth, the cow's milking capacity is gradually increased. After the cow's lactation and digestive functions are basically restored, normal milking is achieved again. Under normal circumstances, cows can return to normal after 3-5 days. In this way, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of milk fever in dairy cows and promote the milk production and milk quality of dairy cows.
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