I. Observing the estrus of cows The duration of cow estrus observation is short. About 18 hours, 25% of the cows' estrus symptoms do not exceed 8 hours, and the estrus is higher than the daytime before the early morning of the following day. The time for estrus is high. Some (about 65%) are from 18am to 6am, especially between 20pm and 3am, with the most frequent climbs. About 80% of the female steak eggs were 7-14 hours after the estrus was terminated. 20% of the cows were sorted early or later ovulated. According to reports, leaky cows can reach about 20%, the main reason is that the identification of heat signs is not correct, and 5-7% of pregnant cows will show estrus.
Second, the timely insemination to a certain amount of high-quality semen into the estrous cow uterus in the appropriate parts of the cow to increase the conception rate is very important. Cows usually ovulate after the end of their estrus, and their lifespan is 6-lOh. Therefore, the best breeding time for cows during estrus should be 6-7 hours before ovulation. In the actual production, when cow estrus can be inseminated when the following conditions occur, 1 cows turn from unstable to stable, that is, the estrus performance began to weaken; 2 genital swelling began to disappear, the cervix slightly contraction, mucosa changes from flushing Pink or with purple cyan; 3 mucus volume from more to less and become cloudy; 4 follicle volume no longer increases, the skin becomes thin and elastic, bubble fluid fluctuations, there is a touch and feel broken.
Third, improve the insemination effect In addition to timely insemination, but also in the insemination of the uterus at the same time to improve the conception rate. The method is to use erythromycin 1 million IU before and after the cow is mated, 40 ml of distilled water, diluted for uterine cleansing. Neostigmine sulfate injection may also be applied. The neostigmine sulfate sulfate is injected 10 to 8 hours before mating, and a mixture of penicillin 800,000 IU and normal saline 30-50 ml is injected.
Fourth, pay attention to the nutrition of cattle to strengthen the nutritional supply of cattle, especially for high-yield cattle (such as dairy cows) in the nutritional level during pregnancy. Provide cattle with a balanced, comprehensive, and appropriate amount of various nutrients to meet the needs of cattle maintenance and fetal growth and development. For cattle in the puberty period, attention should be paid to the supply of protein, vitamins, and minerals to meet their sexual function and body development needs.
However, excessively high levels of nutrition can often lead to abnormalities in bull libido and cow estrus. It is important to ensure that the body condition of the breeding cattle is not overweight or emaciated. Green fodder supply is important for non-grazing young cattle. High-quality green fodder or pasture should be supplied to male cows before and after puberty.
Fifth, to strengthen the management of cattle In cattle breeding management, we must pay attention to the impact of cattle environment, to avoid hot or cold as much as possible, especially the former on cattle. Practice and research have proven that heat is much more harmful to cattle than cold. During the hot season, the focus is on strengthening measures to prevent heatstroke. For example, shading, water baths, etc. can be used to cool down.
Attention should be paid to the record of the estrus law of cows, and the inspection and treatment of aborted cows should be strengthened. For post-breeding cows, the concept of abortion should be checked in order to make timely supplements and do a good job.
To do a good job of cattle production, pay special attention to the protection of the cow's birth canal and postpartum uterus treatment. The use of colostrum or amniotic fluid to give birth to postpartum cows can promote the expulsion of the placenta, which has a certain effect on post-natal uterine involution, thereby shortening the calving interval.
In order to increase the reproductive efficiency of cattle, a reasonable herd structure should be maintained. Different types of production, the proportion of basic cows accounted for the difference in cattle, dairy cows is about 50-70%, beef cattle and dairy cattle are about 40-60% more reasonable. Excessively high proportion of cows produced often results in a decrease in cattle reserves for cattle farms, affecting the long-term development of the cattle farms; but the proportion of cows that are too low in production can also affect the production level of cattle farms at the time and affect production efficiency.
Six, prevention and treatment of cattle infertility cattle infertility many types, the cause is also very complicated. Must be divided into categories and take comprehensive control measures. For congenital and physiological infertility, such as abnormal development of male and female reproductive organs, cervix stenosis, malposition, vaginal stenosis, hermaphroditism, heterosexual twins, interspecific hybrid infertility, and naive disease (ie, function Sexual infertility, etc., should be carefully selected and eliminated. More than 90% of female twins in the opposite sex twins are congenital infertility and should be eliminated as soon as possible. Decrease in fecundity of older cows should also be phased out and updated.
For infectious diseases such as brucellosis or cows with trichomoniasis, the epidemic prevention and quarantine provisions for infectious diseases shall be strictly implemented and handled in a timely manner as required. For infeasible cows or aborted cows that are suspected of being caused by infectious diseases, the causes should be identified as soon as possible and appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. For a non-communicable disease such as uterine or ovarian inflammation, it should be based on the cause of the disease, starting from management, hormone therapy, etc., to do a comprehensive prevention and control work.
Second, the timely insemination to a certain amount of high-quality semen into the estrous cow uterus in the appropriate parts of the cow to increase the conception rate is very important. Cows usually ovulate after the end of their estrus, and their lifespan is 6-lOh. Therefore, the best breeding time for cows during estrus should be 6-7 hours before ovulation. In the actual production, when cow estrus can be inseminated when the following conditions occur, 1 cows turn from unstable to stable, that is, the estrus performance began to weaken; 2 genital swelling began to disappear, the cervix slightly contraction, mucosa changes from flushing Pink or with purple cyan; 3 mucus volume from more to less and become cloudy; 4 follicle volume no longer increases, the skin becomes thin and elastic, bubble fluid fluctuations, there is a touch and feel broken.
Third, improve the insemination effect In addition to timely insemination, but also in the insemination of the uterus at the same time to improve the conception rate. The method is to use erythromycin 1 million IU before and after the cow is mated, 40 ml of distilled water, diluted for uterine cleansing. Neostigmine sulfate injection may also be applied. The neostigmine sulfate sulfate is injected 10 to 8 hours before mating, and a mixture of penicillin 800,000 IU and normal saline 30-50 ml is injected.
Fourth, pay attention to the nutrition of cattle to strengthen the nutritional supply of cattle, especially for high-yield cattle (such as dairy cows) in the nutritional level during pregnancy. Provide cattle with a balanced, comprehensive, and appropriate amount of various nutrients to meet the needs of cattle maintenance and fetal growth and development. For cattle in the puberty period, attention should be paid to the supply of protein, vitamins, and minerals to meet their sexual function and body development needs.
However, excessively high levels of nutrition can often lead to abnormalities in bull libido and cow estrus. It is important to ensure that the body condition of the breeding cattle is not overweight or emaciated. Green fodder supply is important for non-grazing young cattle. High-quality green fodder or pasture should be supplied to male cows before and after puberty.
Fifth, to strengthen the management of cattle In cattle breeding management, we must pay attention to the impact of cattle environment, to avoid hot or cold as much as possible, especially the former on cattle. Practice and research have proven that heat is much more harmful to cattle than cold. During the hot season, the focus is on strengthening measures to prevent heatstroke. For example, shading, water baths, etc. can be used to cool down.
Attention should be paid to the record of the estrus law of cows, and the inspection and treatment of aborted cows should be strengthened. For post-breeding cows, the concept of abortion should be checked in order to make timely supplements and do a good job.
To do a good job of cattle production, pay special attention to the protection of the cow's birth canal and postpartum uterus treatment. The use of colostrum or amniotic fluid to give birth to postpartum cows can promote the expulsion of the placenta, which has a certain effect on post-natal uterine involution, thereby shortening the calving interval.
In order to increase the reproductive efficiency of cattle, a reasonable herd structure should be maintained. Different types of production, the proportion of basic cows accounted for the difference in cattle, dairy cows is about 50-70%, beef cattle and dairy cattle are about 40-60% more reasonable. Excessively high proportion of cows produced often results in a decrease in cattle reserves for cattle farms, affecting the long-term development of the cattle farms; but the proportion of cows that are too low in production can also affect the production level of cattle farms at the time and affect production efficiency.
Six, prevention and treatment of cattle infertility cattle infertility many types, the cause is also very complicated. Must be divided into categories and take comprehensive control measures. For congenital and physiological infertility, such as abnormal development of male and female reproductive organs, cervix stenosis, malposition, vaginal stenosis, hermaphroditism, heterosexual twins, interspecific hybrid infertility, and naive disease (ie, function Sexual infertility, etc., should be carefully selected and eliminated. More than 90% of female twins in the opposite sex twins are congenital infertility and should be eliminated as soon as possible. Decrease in fecundity of older cows should also be phased out and updated.
For infectious diseases such as brucellosis or cows with trichomoniasis, the epidemic prevention and quarantine provisions for infectious diseases shall be strictly implemented and handled in a timely manner as required. For infeasible cows or aborted cows that are suspected of being caused by infectious diseases, the causes should be identified as soon as possible and appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. For a non-communicable disease such as uterine or ovarian inflammation, it should be based on the cause of the disease, starting from management, hormone therapy, etc., to do a comprehensive prevention and control work.
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