Section I Biological characteristics The loach belongs to the pupa, cineridae, and genus of the subfamily Sarcophagidae. The loach is cylindrical and has a flat tail. The head is small, the scales are extremely small, buried under the skin, and the caudal fins are round. The back of the body is grayish black with some black spots. The loachy inhabits the surface of the soft mud with rich organic matter in the still water or slow flowing water, and its neutral pH is slightly acidic. Generally, the pH is from 6.5 to 7.2. Under normal conditions of the water body, muddy loach does not often act on the upper and middle layers of the water body. It only rushes to the surface to breathe air when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is lacking. When the water temperature is less than 5 °C and greater than 32 °C, the loach will enter the mud. The loach is an omnivorous fish. Its feeding has the characteristics of circadian rhythm changes. When the general body length is less than 3 cm, animal feeds are mostly used, such as rotifers, chironomid larvae, protozoa and other zooplankton; when the body length is 3 to 5 cm, the ability to feed animal feeds is enhanced. The growth is rapid; when the body length is longer than 5 cm, due to the increase in food intake and the restriction of natural food, the loach is changed to feed on diatoms, plant roots and leaves, and humus. Mudworms have high digestive rate and conversion rate for animal foods, but they have lower digestion rate and conversion rate for plant foods. Its body fat and meat, meat tender and delicious, comprehensive nutritional value than the average fish, a higher therapeutic effect and medicinal value, strong adaptability, fewer diseases, high survival rate, and strong reproductive performance. Loach has always been a scarce aquatic product in the international market. Japan, South Korea and other countries have long regarded loach as a high-protein, low-fat, nutrient-rich high-end health food, and they are included in the “specialties of Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, and Chinese herbal medicineâ€. Muddy has good reputation in China, which is known as “great in the sky and muddy on the groundâ€. It is also known as “water ginseng†and its aquaculture development has broad prospects. Section II Seedling Breeding 1. Pond conditions The seedlings are cultivated in earthen ponds, with an area of ​​30 to 100m, and a depth of 40 to 60cm. The excavated fishes in the pond are slippery to facilitate their habitat and protection from the cold and ponds. The bottom is compacted, the inlet and outlet are set to block the fish net, the bottom of the pool is covered with 15-20cm silt layer, the duckweed is put in the pool, and the covered area accounts for about 1/4 of the total area. 2. The clear pond is used to plant the seedlings before the next pond for 10 days. Lime 20~30kg/100 disinfection with clear pond. After disinfection, 300 to 400kg/mu of decomposed human and animal manure was used as basic fertilizer to water, and the water was added to 30cm. After the water becomes green and the transparency is 15 to 20cm, the seedlings can be placed. 3. The seedlings of the stocking larvae were opened for food on the second day and kept for 3 to 5 days. The body length was about 7mm. The yolk sac disappeared, the camp was ectotrophic, and free swimming was possible. At this time, the pool could be entered into the breeding stage. . The stocking density of the seedlings is preferably 800-1000 tails per square meter, and the microfluidic conditions can be appropriately increased. Note that the same batch of seedlings of the same batch hatch size should be stocked in the same pool to ensure balanced seed growth and improved survival. 4. Feeding and managing the seedlings that have just been in the pond have a strong selectivity for feed. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate suitable feeds such as rotifers and small phytoplankton. After filtering with a standard sieve of 50 mesh, feed them along the pool side and feed the cooked egg yolk appropriately. , fishmeal, milk powder, bean cake and other fine feed. When the seedlings reach 1cm in length, they can take in food such as insects, insect larvae and organic debris. They can use boiled bran, bran, corn flour, wheat flour and other vegetable feeds to mix minced fish, shrimp and snails. Meat and other animal feeds are fed 3 to 4 times a day. At the same time, the proportion of formulated feed is gradually increased in the feed to gradually adapt to the artificial compound feed. The feed should be placed on the food table about 5cm from the bottom of the pool. Do not cast it. The initial daily feed is 2% to 5% of the total weight of the seedlings, and 8% to 10% of the latter period. Mud fertilizer and fertilizer, should be timely recovery of fertilizer material, can be applied chicken, duck dung and other organic fertilizer, immersed in water in a woven bag, each dosage of about 0.5kg/square meter; can also be applied fertilizer, water temperature can be low Ammonium nitrate 2g/m2, urea 2.5g/m2 can be applied when the water temperature is high. Water quality management should be done in a timely manner, new water should be added in time, and water quality should be adjusted. When feeding for more than one month, the seedlings can be as long as 3 to 4 cm, and they can be turned into aquaculture when they begin to drill mud habits. Section III Pond Cultivation 1. Construction of Ponds Choose a place with sheltered winds, easy water diversion, weak alkaline sediments, and no pesticide pollution. The area is generally 2-3 mu and the pond depth is 0.8-1 m. The pond can be cement. Pool, but also earthen pond. The earthen pond wall needs to be built with bricks and stones, or it can be tightly smashed with a triaxial soil. The bottom of the pond must be tightly closed, so that it is sturdy and durable without holes, and the bottom of the pond is spread with 20-30 cm of fat. The inlet and outlet are stopped by wire or plastic mesh. The bottom of the tank is inclined towards the outlet for drainage and fishing. 2. The cultivation and breeding ponds are sterilized by clear ponds according to the seed breeding method. The depth of the pool is maintained at 30 to 50 cm, and organic fertilizer is applied to the pig manure to cultivate the water quality. The dosage is 20 to 30 kg/100 square meters. After the drug disappears and the water is turned into fertilizer, seedlings can be placed. The stocking density of seedlings of 3 to 4 cm is 100 to 150 tails per square meter, and the flow conditions can be appropriately increased. 3. Feeding management Based on fertilizing water quality and providing natural food, animal feeds such as aphids, cockroaches, quail meats, fishmeal, small miscellaneous fish, livestock and poultry waste shall be added, as well as wheat bran, rice bran, and bean dregs. Cakes and other plant feeds, or artificial compound feed. Normally feed every day on the afternoon and afternoon, and the daily feed is 5% to 10% of the loach's body weight. Feeding should be based on water quality, weather, and food conditions. When the water temperature is above 15°C, the loach appetite gradually increases. The temperature range of 20-30°C is suitable for feeding, and the appetite of 25-27°C is particularly strong, and the temperature is over 30°C or lower than 15°C and the thunderstorm days may not be fed. In addition, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the water quality. The transparency of the pool water should be controlled at 15 to 20cm, and the water color should be yellow-green. When the water temperature reaches 30°C, the pool water should be changed frequently, and the water depth should be increased. When the muddy ducks often swim to the floating surface of the water to “swallowâ€, indicating that there is lack of oxygen in the water, fertilization should be stopped and new water should be injected. Increase the depth of pool water in winter, and apply manure such as cow dung and pig dung at the corner of the pool to increase the water temperature and ensure safe wintering of the loach. Section IV Rice-cultivation cultivars 1. Rice field conditions and remodeling methods All argillaceous, weakly alkaline and non-cold immersed rice fields can breed ploughs. The area of ​​paddy field selected for raising fish should not be too large, generally about 1000m2. Tian Hao should be reinforced, and mesh or plastic sheets should be buried to prevent muddy holes from escaping, nets should be added to the inlet and outlet, and pits with an area of ​​2 to 3 and a depth of more than 60 cm should be excavated in the field. Connected with the pit and excavated the vertical and horizontal groove, the width and depth of the groove were all 30-40cm. The pit and groove area accounted for about 10% of the total area of ​​the rice field. It was a habitat for high temperature, pesticides, fertilizers, and paddy fields during summer. The site is also convenient for centralized fishing. 2. The stocking time of stocking and rearing is appropriate after rice is planted for the first time. Put 40kg/100 of mature animal manure in the pits and trenches for 3 to 4 days before planting, and then apply 3 to 4 cm of water per 667m2. The seedlings have 30,000 to 50,000 tails. 3. After rearing, stocks are fed with bran, dried cakes, alfalfa, cocoon powder, and animal organs. The amount of pre-daily feeding is 5% to 8% of the loach's body weight, followed by about 5%, and the feed is put in the ditch. In the pit. At the same time, in accordance with the water quality in time to chase fertilizer materials, each fertilizer amount 15kg/100. Rice fields should use as few pesticides as possible, and if necessary, choose high-efficiency, low-toxic pesticides and spray them on cloudy days. At the same time, keep the water fresh and prevent excessive feeding and affecting water quality. Section V Disease Prevention Loach disease mainly includes the following types. (1) Saprolegnia: Symptoms of sickness are attached to white hairy water mold. The disease occurs most frequently when the water temperature is low and when the fish is injured, it is highly susceptible to infection.
Prevention methods (1) When catching and transporting loach, try to avoid mechanical damage; (2) Immerse the sickness with 4% saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes, or dip with 4g/m3 malachite green solution for 20 to 30 minutes. (2) Gill fin disease: Symptoms and diseases of the fins, abdominal skin and anus around the congestion, ulceration, caudal fins, pectoral fins white and ulceration, fish on both sides from the head to the tail swelling, and erythema.
Prevention methods (1) 1 g/m3 bleaching powder Quanchiposa, or 0.1g/m3 furazolidone Quanchiposa; (2) use 20g/m3 Furnas solution dip sick fish for 15 ~ 20min, or according to 0.04% furan Sri Lanka mix feed into feed 3d. (3) Parasitic diseases: Symptoms and diseases The corpus callosum is thin, often floating on the surface of the water, disturbed, or spinning on the surface of the water. The body surface mucus increases. Mostly caused by worms, worms, and third-generation parasites.
Prevention methods (1) Use 0.7g/m3 copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa to prevent and control trichoderma and tongue cup disease; (2) 0.5g/m3 crystal trichlorfon whole pool Spill, can control the third generation of worms. (4) Hakoneu disease: Symptoms are gray and white with red rings. This disease was caused by long-term conservation of the loach.
Prevention methods (1) When stocking, use 5g/m3 malachite green solution for 15-20min; (2) 0.2-0.3g/m3 malachite green Quanchiposa; (3) Move the sickle into the still pool Raise for a while. (5) Bubble disease: Symptoms disease fish fry float on the surface. Caused by excessive levels of oxygen or other gases in the water, it mainly damages the fry.
Prevention methods (1) Salt 4 ~ 6kg/667m2 Quanchiposa; (2) immediately into the water or yellow mud slurry; (3) timely removal of the pool of putrefaction, no application of unfermented fertilizer. At the same time, grasp the amount of feed and the amount of fertilizer to prevent the deterioration of water quality. (6) Predator: Remove the predators such as snakes, frogs, black eagles, otters, and maternal nymphs. Section 6 Fishing (1) Flushing method Place the fishing tool at the inlet and then drain it into the pool. The muddy water is stimulated by running water, and it is swimming against the water and clustered near the inlet. At this point, the pre-set nets can be pulled up to capture the loach. (2) Trapping The boiled bovine or goat bones or fried rice bran, wheat bran, and other baits are placed on a net or a fish cage, and the mud is induced by the fragrance. (3) Dry pond method In the winter, when the water temperature drops to 15°C～12°C, the muddy mud will get into the sediment of the pond and can only be captured by the dry pond. The water is drained first, the ponds and rice fields are divided into several pieces, and the drainage ditches are dug in the middle, and the muddy mud will be concentrated in the drainage ditch so as to facilitate the capture. The loach grown in paddy fields can also be dried with rape stalks and soaked in the ditch and pit of rice until the sweet scent of rape stalks is revealed.
6. The transportation of loach is mostly live sales. If it is improperly transported, it will cause death and cause losses. Can be transported by bamboo rafts. Each bamboo raft is loaded with 25kg of loach. The plastic film is placed on the bottom of bamboo rafts during shipment. Water is added to 2 to 2.5kg and then put into the live loach. During transportation, water is added every 1.5h to ensure Mud live.![]()
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Prevention methods (1) When catching and transporting loach, try to avoid mechanical damage; (2) Immerse the sickness with 4% saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes, or dip with 4g/m3 malachite green solution for 20 to 30 minutes. (2) Gill fin disease: Symptoms and diseases of the fins, abdominal skin and anus around the congestion, ulceration, caudal fins, pectoral fins white and ulceration, fish on both sides from the head to the tail swelling, and erythema.
Prevention methods (1) 1 g/m3 bleaching powder Quanchiposa, or 0.1g/m3 furazolidone Quanchiposa; (2) use 20g/m3 Furnas solution dip sick fish for 15 ~ 20min, or according to 0.04% furan Sri Lanka mix feed into feed 3d. (3) Parasitic diseases: Symptoms and diseases The corpus callosum is thin, often floating on the surface of the water, disturbed, or spinning on the surface of the water. The body surface mucus increases. Mostly caused by worms, worms, and third-generation parasites.
Prevention methods (1) Use 0.7g/m3 copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa to prevent and control trichoderma and tongue cup disease; (2) 0.5g/m3 crystal trichlorfon whole pool Spill, can control the third generation of worms. (4) Hakoneu disease: Symptoms are gray and white with red rings. This disease was caused by long-term conservation of the loach.
Prevention methods (1) When stocking, use 5g/m3 malachite green solution for 15-20min; (2) 0.2-0.3g/m3 malachite green Quanchiposa; (3) Move the sickle into the still pool Raise for a while. (5) Bubble disease: Symptoms disease fish fry float on the surface. Caused by excessive levels of oxygen or other gases in the water, it mainly damages the fry.
Prevention methods (1) Salt 4 ~ 6kg/667m2 Quanchiposa; (2) immediately into the water or yellow mud slurry; (3) timely removal of the pool of putrefaction, no application of unfermented fertilizer. At the same time, grasp the amount of feed and the amount of fertilizer to prevent the deterioration of water quality. (6) Predator: Remove the predators such as snakes, frogs, black eagles, otters, and maternal nymphs. Section 6 Fishing (1) Flushing method Place the fishing tool at the inlet and then drain it into the pool. The muddy water is stimulated by running water, and it is swimming against the water and clustered near the inlet. At this point, the pre-set nets can be pulled up to capture the loach. (2) Trapping The boiled bovine or goat bones or fried rice bran, wheat bran, and other baits are placed on a net or a fish cage, and the mud is induced by the fragrance. (3) Dry pond method In the winter, when the water temperature drops to 15°C～12°C, the muddy mud will get into the sediment of the pond and can only be captured by the dry pond. The water is drained first, the ponds and rice fields are divided into several pieces, and the drainage ditches are dug in the middle, and the muddy mud will be concentrated in the drainage ditch so as to facilitate the capture. The loach grown in paddy fields can also be dried with rape stalks and soaked in the ditch and pit of rice until the sweet scent of rape stalks is revealed.
6. The transportation of loach is mostly live sales. If it is improperly transported, it will cause death and cause losses. Can be transported by bamboo rafts. Each bamboo raft is loaded with 25kg of loach. The plastic film is placed on the bottom of bamboo rafts during shipment. Water is added to 2 to 2.5kg and then put into the live loach. During transportation, water is added every 1.5h to ensure Mud live.
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