Symptoms occurred in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Anhui, Hainan and Guangdong provinces. Infected at the seedling stage, the cotyledon was infested first, causing the cotyledon to turn black and rot. Then it invaded the base of the stem near the ground and the root of the root. The primary water was immersed in yellow-brown lesions and then gradually expanded around the stem or neck to form dark brown disease. spot. In the early stage of disease, the leaf color of the shoots became lighter; in the middle period, the petioles plunged, the compound leaves closed, and early in the morning, the petioles became drooping and the whole plant wilted. After the disease became severe, it became yellow and brown withered under dry conditions. The diseased department was submerged in amber, and the roots and necks were longitudinally sectioned. The medullary veins were brown and brown. As the humidity was high, the diseased plants turned black and rotted. The diseased part has black spots, which are the conidia of the pathogen.
The pathogen Dip10dia gossypina (Cooke) M.et C. called monocotyledonous spores or spores of cotton, belonging to the fungi Aspergillus spp. Conidiophores are spherical to flask-like, scattered or aggregated, brown and buried under the epidermis of peanuts and exposed after maturation. The spores contained conidiospores that were colorless and long-elliptic in shape. They were dark twins after maturation and were 20-3010-13 (μm) in size. Physa10spora rhodina (B. et C.) 10oke=P.hossypina. Stevens said that the citrus cysts are subphylum Ascomycotina. See the cotton boll and black fruit disease for its sexual form. Mycelium growth is suitable for temperature 23-35°C, 55°C is lethal for 10 minutes, -1～-3°C is still pathogenic for 21 days, water immersion for 8 months is still more than 90%, and it is dried under natural conditions. Eight and a half months or room drying can still infect 29 months. In addition to invading peanuts, it can also harm more than 20 species of plants such as cotton, soybeans, mung beans, kidney beans, cowpeas, peas, melons, and sweet potatoes.
Transmission routes and disease conditions The pathogens are mainly exfoliated by mycelium and conidia after they are fed to peanuts, and miscellaneous fertilizers mixed with diseased plants are also important pathogens. The field is spread mainly through water and wind and rain. When the field plants had no sunburn, insect injury, and mechanical wounds, it was difficult for the bacteria to re-infect successfully. The fungus mainly infects from the root, neck, and stem of the plant, and the invasion period from the wound is shorter than the invasion period directly from the epidermis. The incidence rate is high, and the incubation period is long and the incidence is low when invading directly from the epidermis. There is a bacteria source on the production. When the ground temperature is stable at 20-22°C when the ground temperature is 5cm, it starts to develop. The peak of the first incidence occurs in Shandong in the early 6th, and the peak incidence occurs in the middle of August. This is in contrast to the seedling vine development that can not keep up with the young stem. It is often associated with sun exposure, late leaf fall, and poor resistance. Branches of peanuts are susceptible to infection by pathogenic bacteria at the late growth stage, resulting in the death of shoots. During the harvest period, the rain was continuously littered. The seed pods could not be dried quickly, and the pods were often mouldy. The pod-breaking rate was as high as 37%, and the rate of seed borne bacteria was 63%, resulting in high and early morbidity in the following year. Soil viscosity, thin soil, lack of basal fertilizer, and proneness to sluggish growth.
Prevention methods (1) Prevent seed mildew, select seeds, and fully dry when harvested. Should choose summer sowing peanuts to stay. (2) Selection of disease-resistant varieties such as Juyexiao Peanut, Penglai Baijiao Peanut, Qingdao Banman, Big Peanut H Hua-3, Nonghua No. 26, Laiwu Climber, Lujiang Jiwo, Lions Choice III, etc. Certainly resistant. (3) After the harvest, remove the diseased body, burn it or deepen it. Boiled fat with diseased bodies fully decomposed. (4) Rotating crops with alfalfa and crops for 1-2 years. (5) Chemical control: Use 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 0.3% dry seed weight, or add 5-10 times fine ground soil to make up the soil, and then inject the peanut seeds with water or even add 2 kg of water to the above-mentioned chemicals. Evenly spray onto 50kg seeds, or soak the seeds with 50L of liquid medicine in the above-mentioned dosage powder and soaking for 50kg, soak for 24 hours, or use 50% thiophanate-methyl (thiophanate-methyl) wettable powder or 30% phenanthrenequinone wettable powder. According to the seed amount of 0.5% -0.8% seed dressing. Peanuts were sprayed with 50% carbendazim WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times and 50% benomyl WP 1500 times after the shoots were sprayed.
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