(1) Soil fertilization Fruit trees absorb fertilizer from the soil, mainly relying on large fine roots and fibrous roots. Therefore, soil fertilization depends on the characteristics of root distribution. Generally densely distributed roots are near the periphery of the canopy projection. Therefore, the location of fertilization should be in the vertical soil around the crown, that is, the crown of the water.
The type of fertilizer is different, and the method of fertilization is also different. Organic fertilizer has a long effect, and it is suitable for deep plowing after piling. Fertilizers are more soluble in water and infiltrated. The fertilizer effect is shorter and should be applied shallowly. However, phosphate fertilizers are easily fixed by the upper layer of soil and are difficult to be absorbed by the root system. They can be mixed with organic fertilizers to deepen their application. Potassium fertilizers are weak in moving in the soil, and they must be applied deeply. Fertilizers are best used in conjunction with organic fertilizers to reduce the loss of fertilizers and improve fertilizer efficiency. There are several ways to fertilize orchard soil.
1 ring groove fertilization. Dig 15 to 20 centimeters deep and 30 centimeters wide along the canopy drip, and cover the soil after fertilization. Young tree fertilization commonly used this method.
2 radiation groove fertilization. In the canopy, 1 to 1.5 meters away from the trunk, ditch, in accordance with the size of the crown, radial outward excavation of 4 to 6, the depth and width of the groove with the ring ditch method. But pay attention to the shallow depth of the groove, that is, close to the trunk at the shallow, to avoid injuring large roots. If applying fertilizer, the depth of the ditch can be shallower. When digging trenches every year, the position should be changed to extend the root absorption range.
3 points fertilizer. Several digging holes were made within the canopy area and covered after fertilization. Every year, the location of the opening hole is staggered to grow the root system.
4 strip groove fertilization. This is the most common method of fertilization. In the outer edge of both sides of the canopy, a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 30 cm are created. The length of the ditch depends on the size of the crown. The next fertilization will take place on the other side of the canopy.
5th. In the rainy season, the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers after rain can be applied to the soil after application. Spread in the soil before deep plowing or cultivating and turning soil, and then turn it into the soil to work best.
(2) Extra-root top-dressing red meats Pomelo can absorb nutrients in addition to roots, and branches, leaves, and fruits also have the function of absorbing nutrients. The artificial spraying of nutrient solution on the stems, leaves and other ground parts other than the root system is called extra-root fertilizer.
Under the following conditions can be outside the top dressing: to meet the needs of the normal growth and development of fruit trees; fruit trees in need of certain trace elements, the use of leaf spray, such as the lack of disease, the use of top dressing fertilizer, good results; fruit tree roots When the growth is poor, affecting the normal absorption of nutrients, fertilizers can be applied outside the roots.
The top-dressing fertilizer absorbs quickly, and the red meat and pomelo leaves can be absorbed on the back and leaves. If urea is sprayed for 2 hours, the back of the urea absorbs 77% and the leaf surface absorbs 26%; after spraying for 30 hours, the back and the leaf surface almost reach 100% absorption. Outside the root dressing can also avoid certain nutrients, such as phosphorus fixed by the soil.
Fertilizers commonly used for top dressing are: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and borax, zinc sulfate, etc. (Table 5-6).
Table 5-6 Fertilizers and Solutions Concentrated Fertilizer Types Commonly Used for Top-Of-Filling Fertilizer Spraying Concentration (%) Fertilizer Type Spraying Concentration (%)
Urea 0.3-0.5 borax, boric acid 0.05-0.2
Ammonium sulfate 0.3 Magnesium sulfate 0.5 to 1.0
Ammonium nitrate 0.3 Zinc sulfate 0.1-0.2
Superphosphate 1.0～3.0 Manganese sulfate 0.1～0.2
Potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate 0.3-0.5 ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.1
Potassium chloride 0.5 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3
Ferrous sulphate 0.05-0.1 Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.4
Compound fertilizer 0.3-0.4 Diammonium phosphate 0.3-0.4
The top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer is mainly urea, but urea should contain biuret 0.25% or less, otherwise spraying will cause fertilizer damage. Phosphate fertilizer top dressing slower than urea absorption, superphosphate should be sprayed with clear liquid. In addition to potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium is also useful as a leaching solution for plant ash. Potassium chloride and potassium nitrate can also be used. Potassium chloride absorbs quickly. Outside the root dressing should pay attention to the following points.
1 concentration. The absorption of nutrients from the red-fleshed pomelo leaves mainly depends on the infiltration of water into the tissue. Therefore, the spray concentration should be low, generally about 0.5%. Special care should be taken when mixing various nutrient elements.
2 spraying time. It is advisable to spray the shoots in the growing season and young fruit period, and it is not effective to spray in the winter or old mature leaves. Potassium is absorbed throughout the fruit development period, so it can be sprayed during this period. Potassium nitrate can also be sprayed before fruit coloring to prevent cracking. During the day, it should be done in the morning or evening.
3 mixed with other pesticides. Mixing with other pesticides or growth regulators can have a variety of effects, but care must be taken to prevent chemical changes, such as neutralization or precipitation, from losing the fertilizer's effectiveness or the drug's efficacy.
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