The temperature required for different feeding and management stages of dairy cows is different, and the appropriate temperature is accorded to the physiological needs of dairy cows during production, which can better improve the economic benefits for dairy cows.
First, the cowhouse temperature:
Cows are cold and heat-resistant, but cold has a certain limit. The most suitable temperature for dairy cows is 12-14°C. The most suitable temperature for pregnant cows and lactating dairy cows is 16-20°C; the temperature of lactating dairy cows is higher than 24°C or Below -4°C, the amount of milk produced is reduced; the optimum temperature for calves is 35-38°C.
Second, drinking water temperature:
1, lactating cows. 1 ordinary drinking water temperature: cold water for the cooling factor, cows drink cold water is the consumption of body heat, affecting milk production. If you drink cold water below 8°C, the amount of milk produced is significantly reduced. The drinking temperature of milk cows in winter and spring is maintained at 9-15°C, which is about 0.57 liters more milk per day than dairy cows drinking 0-2°C water. 2 Congee temperature: In winter, the beef is fed with hot congee at about 38°C, which can enhance cold resistance and increase milk production by 10%. 3 drink wheat bran water temperature: dairy cows feel thirsty due to the loss of a lot of water after birth, and the body temperature is lower. Drinking bran water instead of drinking water at this time, the temperature is higher than the body temperature of 1-2 °C (milk cows normal body temperature 37.5-39.5 °C), there is the effect of body fluids to warm up the body. It is forbidden to drink cold water to prevent diseases such as detainment of tires and colds and colds.
2. Yak. 1 calf general drinking water temperature: calf body temperature is higher than adult cattle, so the drinking water temperature should be higher than that of adult cattle, general drinking water to 35-38 °C is appropriate. 2 Yak milk temperature: When yak artificial breast feeding, regardless of colostrum or regular milk, should be heated and sterilized and then cooled to 35-37 °C when feeding, high and low have adverse effects. Production of "small white beef" requires the use of breast-feeding male calves that are not omnipresent. From birth to 100 days of age, it is entirely dependent on cow's milk for nutrition. Milk temperature is controlled at 40-41°C and sherbet at 18-20°C.
Third, scrub the water temperature of the breast:
Before each milking of cows, it is necessary to soak the clean towels with warm water of 45-50°C, scrub the breasts and nipples thoroughly and then massage the breasts. Do not scrub the breasts or nipples with excessively hot or cold water, otherwise the cows will feel uncomfortable and will have a reaction to the "milk" reflexes and reduce milk production.
Fourth, the temperature of milk preservation and disinfection:
1. Save: Newly extruded milk, close to the body temperature and temperature, is a breeding ground for microorganisms. If you do not cool it, it is very easy to spoil and deteriorate. So, immediately cool the milk by soaking the container with cold water to cool it down to 4-10. °C.
2, disinfection: milk contains a variety of harmful microorganisms, such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, fluorescent bacteria, butyric acid bacteria. If not sterilized, these harmful microorganisms will multiply and cause the milk to deteriorate. In order to make milk contain non-high-temperature nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, etc. are not destroyed, milk disinfection is mainly used "non-high temperature" heating and disinfection method, that is pasteurization method, the practice is: the milk heated to 75-80 °C, hold for 15-30 seconds, stop heating immediately.
Fifth, the preservation temperature of semen:
Sperm is not afraid of cold, 54.5 °C that can not survive; the contrary, low temperature can make it stop movement, reduce energy consumption, to long-term survival. In the past, most semen used for artificial insemination were stored at room temperature or cryogenic, and the storage time was very short, which greatly limited the use of artificial insemination. Since the 1950s, the preservation of semen has entered an era of "ultra-low temperature" preservation. The first use of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), the temperature is -79 °C; to the 1960s, the use of liquid nitrogen, the temperature is -196 °C, can be preserved for decades without deterioration, and its conception rate is similar to fresh semen, this method It has been widely used in the cattle industry.
Sixth, frozen thawed temperature:
When inseminating dairy cows, the frozen semen needs to be thawed. The thawing requires warm water. The temperature of the water should be accurately controlled at 41.5°C, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower temperatures should not be greater than 1°C to ensure that the sperm motility after thawing is not affected. In experiments with yellow cattle, frozen semen thawed in warm water at 41°C is thawed in warm water at 38°C, which can increase the rate of female birthing by 33.3%.
First, the cowhouse temperature:
Cows are cold and heat-resistant, but cold has a certain limit. The most suitable temperature for dairy cows is 12-14°C. The most suitable temperature for pregnant cows and lactating dairy cows is 16-20°C; the temperature of lactating dairy cows is higher than 24°C or Below -4°C, the amount of milk produced is reduced; the optimum temperature for calves is 35-38°C.
Second, drinking water temperature:
1, lactating cows. 1 ordinary drinking water temperature: cold water for the cooling factor, cows drink cold water is the consumption of body heat, affecting milk production. If you drink cold water below 8°C, the amount of milk produced is significantly reduced. The drinking temperature of milk cows in winter and spring is maintained at 9-15°C, which is about 0.57 liters more milk per day than dairy cows drinking 0-2°C water. 2 Congee temperature: In winter, the beef is fed with hot congee at about 38°C, which can enhance cold resistance and increase milk production by 10%. 3 drink wheat bran water temperature: dairy cows feel thirsty due to the loss of a lot of water after birth, and the body temperature is lower. Drinking bran water instead of drinking water at this time, the temperature is higher than the body temperature of 1-2 °C (milk cows normal body temperature 37.5-39.5 °C), there is the effect of body fluids to warm up the body. It is forbidden to drink cold water to prevent diseases such as detainment of tires and colds and colds.
2. Yak. 1 calf general drinking water temperature: calf body temperature is higher than adult cattle, so the drinking water temperature should be higher than that of adult cattle, general drinking water to 35-38 °C is appropriate. 2 Yak milk temperature: When yak artificial breast feeding, regardless of colostrum or regular milk, should be heated and sterilized and then cooled to 35-37 °C when feeding, high and low have adverse effects. Production of "small white beef" requires the use of breast-feeding male calves that are not omnipresent. From birth to 100 days of age, it is entirely dependent on cow's milk for nutrition. Milk temperature is controlled at 40-41°C and sherbet at 18-20°C.
Third, scrub the water temperature of the breast:
Before each milking of cows, it is necessary to soak the clean towels with warm water of 45-50°C, scrub the breasts and nipples thoroughly and then massage the breasts. Do not scrub the breasts or nipples with excessively hot or cold water, otherwise the cows will feel uncomfortable and will have a reaction to the "milk" reflexes and reduce milk production.
Fourth, the temperature of milk preservation and disinfection:
1. Save: Newly extruded milk, close to the body temperature and temperature, is a breeding ground for microorganisms. If you do not cool it, it is very easy to spoil and deteriorate. So, immediately cool the milk by soaking the container with cold water to cool it down to 4-10. °C.
2, disinfection: milk contains a variety of harmful microorganisms, such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, fluorescent bacteria, butyric acid bacteria. If not sterilized, these harmful microorganisms will multiply and cause the milk to deteriorate. In order to make milk contain non-high-temperature nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, etc. are not destroyed, milk disinfection is mainly used "non-high temperature" heating and disinfection method, that is pasteurization method, the practice is: the milk heated to 75-80 °C, hold for 15-30 seconds, stop heating immediately.
Fifth, the preservation temperature of semen:
Sperm is not afraid of cold, 54.5 °C that can not survive; the contrary, low temperature can make it stop movement, reduce energy consumption, to long-term survival. In the past, most semen used for artificial insemination were stored at room temperature or cryogenic, and the storage time was very short, which greatly limited the use of artificial insemination. Since the 1950s, the preservation of semen has entered an era of "ultra-low temperature" preservation. The first use of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), the temperature is -79 °C; to the 1960s, the use of liquid nitrogen, the temperature is -196 °C, can be preserved for decades without deterioration, and its conception rate is similar to fresh semen, this method It has been widely used in the cattle industry.
Sixth, frozen thawed temperature:
When inseminating dairy cows, the frozen semen needs to be thawed. The thawing requires warm water. The temperature of the water should be accurately controlled at 41.5°C, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower temperatures should not be greater than 1°C to ensure that the sperm motility after thawing is not affected. In experiments with yellow cattle, frozen semen thawed in warm water at 41°C is thawed in warm water at 38°C, which can increase the rate of female birthing by 33.3%.
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