Microscopic identification of root cross section
(1) Clematis epidermis cells are arranged in a row, and the outer wall is thickened with dark brown. The outer cortical cells are arranged closely; the cortex is broad, and the cells have obvious pits, containing starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, and some cells containing volatile oil; the inner cortex is obvious and Kjeldahl is visible. The phloem is narrow. The primary xylem secondary archetypes, all wooded, have larger diameter conduits and thicker wood fiber and wood parenchyma cells. A few woody fibers and stone cells can be seen in the phloem of the rhizomes and older roots.
(2) There were no bast fibers in the old roots and tender roots of Clematis in cotton groups. The column is smaller and the cortex is wider.
(3) There was no or very little fiber in the tender phloem of the root of C. acuminata; there were more fibers in the old root phloem. The primary xylem is a distinct secondary archetype with large duct holes.
(4) There are mostly woody thick-walled cells scattered in the cortex of the pilose pilosoma.
(5) The primary xylem four archetypes of the cypress clematis, with four concave arcs, each of which has one large woody bast fiber bundle in the lateral phloem. The ducts are distributed on the outside of the xylem and arranged in rows.
Chemical identification
(1) Take an aqueous extract of this product (1:10) and place it in a tube to give a permanent foam after vigorous shaking. Separately, take 1ml of the extract into two tubes, add one tube of 5% sodium hydroxide 2ml, and add another tube of 5% hydrochloric acid 2ml. After shaking, the foam height of both tubes is equal. (Check the triterpene saponins)[2]
(2) Put the product's methanol extract (1:2) into the test tube, evaporate the methanol, add 1ml of acetic anhydride, add concentrated sulfuric acid along the wall of the test tube, then the two liquid junctions will show a red ring, and finally turn blue color. (Check the three types)
(3) Take 10g of this product coarse powder, add benzene 200ml, place it in an Erlenmeyer flask, place it overnight and filter it. Benzene was recovered from the filtrate and allowed to cool. 1% hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 10% potassium hydroxide (1:1) were added to the mixture. 2ml of the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes. After adding 10% hydrochloric acid to pH 3-4, 1% trichlorination was added. A 1-2 ml iron test solution produced a red precipitate. (Lactone reaction, check for Pulsatillae)
(4) Thin-layer chromatography takes 50g of this product as coarse powder, immersed in water for 24h (30°C), steam distilled, collected distillate and extracted with chloroform for 3 times. The ratio of chloroform to distillate is 1:10,1. :20, 1:20. The extract was decompressed at 45-50°C to recover chloroform to a small volume as a test solution. In addition, the control solution of pulsogenin was dissolved in chloroform and used as a reference solution. Absorb the sample and reference solution separately on the same silica gel G plate. Benzene-diethyl ether (4:1) developed 19 cm. Spray 0.5% 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test solution, drying at 80 °C 30min color. The above five kinds of test solution chromatograms in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance showed the spots of the same color.
YT-T15
YT-T15
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