(1) Zoning planting and avoiding the construction of a building hail formed in a cumulonimbus cloud with certain meteorological conditions. The area of ​​cumulonimbus clouds forming hailstones is relatively narrow and often moves along mountains and river valleys. Therefore, the haicang area tends to have a narrow band distribution, generally a few kilometers or less in width, and can reach several to several tens of kilometers in length, or even more. Long, with a clear path, that is, "attack a line." The occurrence of hail is also related to topography and landform. Generally speaking, there are few mountains and plains, few bald hills and many forest lands, few windward slopes on the windward slope, and few inland coastlines. Therefore, in the development of apple production in various places, it should be based on the characteristics of hail, local topography and hail path full understanding of the cultivation on the basis of the cultivation division, to avoid the hail-prone zone site to build pear apple orchard.
(2) Strengthen flood forecasting Disaster relief is sporadic, so it is difficult to prevent it. The formation of hail has obvious meteorological features, so it is possible to forecast and prevent it. To effectively prevent floods and reduce disasters, we must pay attention to the hail forecast and pay attention to the study of signs of hail. It should actively create conditions for the use of modern instruments and equipment to identify hail clouds and improve the timeliness and accuracy of hail forecasting. The harm to the fruit caused by the locust plague is that the greater the damage, the heavier the fruit. Therefore, after the fruit enlargement, special attention should be paid to forecasting in order to take timely measures for flood prevention and mitigation.
(3) Artificial flood prevention 1 explosion method: In recent years, air blast guns and soil chaser guns have been widely promoted throughout China's reclamation areas. They can be fired to a height of 300 to 1,000 meters. In some areas, rockets of various types are manufactured and anti-aircraft guns are used. Launched to a few kilometers altitude. The shock wave generated during the explosion can affect the flow of the hail cloud, make the hail cloud change its direction of movement, and also freeze the supercooled water droplets, thus inhibiting the growth of ice particles and melting the small hailstone into rain. 2 Chemically catalyzed method: Using a rocket or anti-aircraft gun, a warhead with a catalyst (silver iodide) is injected into the supercooled area of ​​the hail cloud, and the particles of the drug act as ice nuclei. Excessive ice nucleus eats cold water without letting the grains grow or delay the growth of hail.
(4) Fruit bagging Fruit bagging is an important measure for the production of high-quality fruit, and it is also an effective method for alleviating losses from flooding. According to the survey, when the locust plague was severe enough and the good fruit rate was zero, the residual fruit rate was 9.9 percentage points lower than that of bagging, and there was still 5% good result, which significantly reduced the loss. In areas prone to disasters, there should be more room for fruit thinning and fruiting, and more leaves should be reserved when pruning. Moderate increase in the density of foliage can relatively alleviate the disaster.
(5) The use of flood control nets The flood control nets are constructed with dedicated nylon nets or lead screens above and around the orchard to block the hail impact and protect the fruit trees.
(6) Afforestation Afforestation can reduce the post-afternoon warming, reduce the wind speed, and prevent or reduce hail hazards. Apple growing areas should be planted in the orchard while planting trees around the orchard to create shelterbelts.
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