Carrots are a versatile vegetable with numerous varieties, especially those suited for fresh export and processing. Popular hybrid spring varieties include Spring Asahi Five-inch, Asahi No. 8, Xiangyang No. 2, Zhuhong 5-inch, and the Japanese Kuroda series. These varieties are preferred due to their quality, yield, and suitability for long-term storage.
Sowing timing is crucial for successful carrot cultivation. Carrots are typically harvested in summer and autumn, but off-season production through spring and early summer sowing can provide better market returns. The ideal sowing window depends on the region. In northern areas, spring sowing should occur between late March and early April, ensuring seedlings are not exposed to extreme temperatures. For autumn planting, the best time is mid to late July, calculated by projecting an average temperature of 21°C forward for 60 days. Sowing too late or harvesting under unsuitable temperatures can lead to poor root development, low yields, and reduced quality.
Soil preparation is equally important. Carrots thrive in deep, well-drained sandy loam rich in organic matter. The soil should be at least 25 cm deep, with moisture levels between 60% and 80%. Too dry or too wet conditions can result in stunted growth, rough texture, or root deformities. The ideal pH range is 5–8; below 5, growth is hindered. Before planting, the field should be deeply tilled, enriched with organic fertilizers, and ridges formed. A standard fertilizer application includes 15 kg of N, P, K per 667 square meters.
Seeding density and spacing also play a key role. The recommended spacing is 20–25 cm between rows, with two rows drilled. Seeds should be covered thoroughly and watered adequately. For autumn sowing, about 150g of seeds per 667 square meters is sufficient, while spring sowing may require slightly more due to lower initial temperatures affecting germination.
Seedling management involves thinning twice: first when the plants have 2–3 true leaves, spacing them 2–3 cm apart, and again when they reach 5–6 shoots, spaced 8–10 cm apart. Proper thinning ensures optimal root development and prevents issues like weak stems, cracking, or misshapen roots.
Watering and fertilization must be carefully managed. Carrots need consistent moisture, especially within the first 60 days after sowing. Overwatering can increase disease risk and fibrous roots. Fertilizer use should focus on balanced nutrition: nitrogen in the early stages, phosphorus and potassium during root expansion. Base fertilizers such as manure (4000–5000 kg/667 m²), compost, and mineral fertilizers like diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are essential. Top-dressing should be applied 2–3 times depending on growth stages to support healthy development.
Temperature and light are also critical factors. Carrots prefer moderate temperatures, with high heat or cold negatively affecting root size and color. They are long-day plants, so insufficient light can lead to poor leaf development and reduced yield. Maintaining proper environmental conditions throughout the growing season is key to producing high-quality, marketable carrots.
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