In August, the management of vegetable fields became particularly critical due to a combination of extreme weather conditions, including persistent high temperatures, intense sunlight, drizzly autumn days, and heavy rainfall. Farmers needed to implement strict measures to protect crops from drought, flooding, nutrient deficiency, weed infestation, blossom drop, fruit loss, and pest outbreaks. Each vegetable type required tailored attention to ensure healthy growth and high yields.
For tomatoes, early control of water and fertilizer was essential. After fruit set, timely fertilization helped prevent diseases such as early blight, gray mold, viral infections, aphids, and bollworms. Chili peppers grown for continuous harvest in early spring required careful management of irrigation and fertilization, with special attention given to controlling tobacco budworms. Autumn and late autumn chili peppers focused on preventing viral diseases and ensuring proper shading and nutrient supply to avoid water stress.
Eggplants that were replanted needed consistent moisture and enhanced management of fertilizers to prevent diseases like Verticillium wilt, gray mold, and brown spot. For autumn and late autumn eggplants, fertilization should begin about 10 days after planting, with irrigation during dry periods and immediate drainage after heavy rains.
Cucumbers required focused pest control after their initial growth phase. When they had 2–3 true leaves, downy mildew was controlled every seven days. At 3–4 true leaves, spraying with 40% ethephon at 100 mg/liter twice every two days helped promote growth.
Melons, especially during the mid-growth stage, benefited from drought resistance practices, such as applying decomposed animal waste at 30% concentration. Irrigation should be done through ditches without flooding, keeping the surface moist. Shade nets and grass mats were used to protect melons from sun damage and pests.
During hot and dry periods, live melons were watered using the "dark water" method. After rain, timely cultivation was necessary, along with monitoring for wild pheasants and powdery mildew.
For cowpeas, seedlings were cultivated before flowering and podding, and soil moisture was maintained after harvest. After each harvest, manure was applied once every 2–3 harvests. Timely pruning of main vines and removal of yellowing lower leaves helped prevent rust.
Summer cabbages and early autumn Chinese cabbages needed extra care against pests like soft rot and Spodoptera litura. Before planting, seedlings were watered to reduce drought stress. During the rosette stage, frequent watering kept the soil consistently moist, and attention was given to water management as the heads began to form.
Early autumn radishes required constant soil moisture, with timely watering and close monitoring for pests and diseases. After spraying, 3.5 kg of phoxim particles per 667 square meters were applied to control flea beetles, while 10% imidacloprid was used to manage aphids. By late August, a spray of 80% B-Al2O4 diluted 400 times helped prevent downy mildew.
Celery needed shade nets or straw curtains to protect it from excessive heat. Regular top dressing and watering were essential to keep the soil moist. Farmers also had to monitor and control pests like aphids, soft rot, and leaf spot effectively.
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