With the rapid development of China's swine industry, there are more and more problems in raising pigs. In particular, the frequent occurrence of diseases has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry in China. The current dilemma of aquaculture is: excessive introduction and introduction of various diseases; ignorance of welfare and the decline in the resistance of pigs; misconception of aquaculture and technology caused by the abuse of antibiotics and so on. As the pig-raising environment has become increasingly hostile, the breeding industry has conducted beneficial explorations on the pig-breeding model and introduced a number of new breeding models. In fact, the farming model should be reflected in all aspects of pig raising, including the construction of pig houses, environmental control, pollution treatment, disease prevention and control, and the provision of nutrition. Combining the three individual pig farms in a certain breeding area, the author adopts a farm-style joint breeding model to jointly practice the efficient rearing of finishing pigs. The core of this model is: to achieve self-cultivation and self-cultivation with aquaculture to reduce the invasion of diseases; to solve pollution with planting and breeding; to achieve healthy growth of animals through balanced nutrition and improved animal welfare; to reduce the use of drugs; Quality, to improve work efficiency. Using this breeding model, we have achieved good results in terms of disease control, survival rate, and growth rate. Some of the farming details and experiences are worth learning from.
1 Pig farm construction
There are several principles that must be followed in the construction of a farm: First, we must be forward-looking in site selection. We must consider the plans for local economic development and do not waste money on site selection. Second, we must build pig houses in accordance with local climate characteristics; Third, to keep away from industrial pollution, the water source should be tested frequently. Fourth, the wastewater treatment system should be designed rationally, especially the infrastructure should be perfect. For example, the construction of drainage ditch and manure pool should be scientific and solid, and labor intensity should be reduced as much as possible. The treatment of excrement and sewage can be combined with orchards, vegetables, biogas, compost, etc., and the land can be used to digest pollution. However, it must not be used for fish farming. This is equivalent to secondary pollution and is not advisable. Fifth, the layout in the farm should be reasonable, especially in the area of ​​farming. When several farms are together, they must pay attention to the coordination between the farms, and they must not be subject to environmental pollution prevention and environmental pollution.
2 Fat pig production
2.1 Sources and Requirements of Pig Breeds
Sows are required to be dual-hybridized. Native sows can be crossed with exotic boars. For example, Changtai, Taitai, Dutai, Pitai, etc. have better results. Inner Sanyuan pigs are characterized by low cost but growth. Not neat, suitable for local consumption, if it is a foreign trade farm, then it requires three yuan.
Due to the limited funds for individual breeding, it is not possible to raise and support oneself. In a farming community, sow production and fat pig production can be distributed to several pig farms, so that the source of pig breeds can be reliably produced, and production and epidemic prevention can be carried out. Get effective protection. If you need to purchase pig breeds from other places, here are some points to make: The stress sources for newly-finished fattening pigs are mainly fatigue, hunger, thirst, temperature changes, dietary changes, environmental changes, etc. Therefore, these stresses should be minimized. Help them recover as soon as possible; the ambient temperature of the pigs stays between 21 and 24°C within a few days after arrival; provide at least 0.37m2 ground for each pig, and the number of pigs per circle cannot exceed 20, which can reduce stress Occurs and facilitates the observation of the herd and the reduction of the spread of the disease; thorough disinfection of the pigsty before the pigs come in, keeping the ground dry and warm, keeping the feed and water in a place where the pig can easily find; in the first few days Slight restrictions on feeding, as pigs may not have eaten for a long time before; if stressed pigs refuse to eat, but like to drink water, they can use the drug-containing water for pigs to drink; purchase of out-of-poking pigs takes a week to get back. Vaccines can not be blindly expanded immunization doses, the time of two immunizations must differ by at least one week.
2.2 Piglet production
Piglets are cultured for 28 to 35 days. In the production of piglets, ensuring the health and normal growth of piglets is of paramount importance. In addition to vaccination following the vaccination program, attention should be given to weaning, insulation and welfare of piglets.
The determination of weaning age is based on weight, not on date. Because the bigger and stronger piglets have better immune levels, a more mature digestive system and a better ability to adapt to lower temperatures. Determining the age of weaning should also be based on the disease to be eradicated and the technical level of the feeding unit. According to the sow's lactation peak in the 3 to 4 weeks postpartum, the appropriate weaning time of the piglet can be selected in 3 to 5 weeks according to the conditions of the farm, and the SEW method can be used to determine that the weaning is better at 16 to 18 days of age. However, the average pig farm does not have conditions for early weaning. A simpler way of judging is: weaning at 21 days of age, requiring a weight of 6.5 kg, piglets can eat 0.4 kg of milk; at the age of 28 weaning, weighing 7.5 kg, can eat 0.5 kg of feed.
Temperature is very important in the growth of piglets, especially in the first three days of life, the main cause of starvation and freezing to make piglets die. The newly born piglets require a temperature of 34°C and the weaned piglets require a temperature of 28-30°C and drop to 20-22°C by 8 weeks of age. Avoid temperature fluctuations as much as possible, and daily temperature changes exceeding 2°C will cause diarrhoea and decreased production performance. Different ground types make the temperature actually felt by piglets different, and straw or porous coated floors are more suitable for piglets. In the growing environment of piglets, the low temperature and humidity should be strictly prohibited and the occurrence of diarrhea should be strictly prevented.
Concerned about the welfare of piglets and promote the healthy growth of piglets, such as preventing hunger, cold and crushed death, piglets are free to move, activities of the field of all toys.
2.3 Production of finishing pigs
To improve the growth efficiency of fattening pigs, first of all, it is necessary to ensure the improvement of feed utilization rate, provide suitable growth environment conditions for the growth of pigs, minimize the differences among pigs, and in order to achieve these goals, it is necessary to manage production. Several things: In order to optimize the production performance, the growing pigs should be maintained at 18 to 20 degrees Celsius. Effective measures must be taken in case of severe cold and hot summer weather; the density is appropriate and the pigs per circle are preferably kept at 20 Below 16 heads, there should be at least 0.1 square meters of floor area per 10 kg of body weight; For growing pigs (20 to 50 kg), diets containing 16% protein and 0.8% lysine, finishing pigs (50 (Kilograms or more) diet containing 14% protein and 0.65% lysine, to maximize the balance of feed nutrition, in order to improve the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients, improve the pig's interest in eating, reduce the incidence of diarrhea and Reduce pollution to the environment; adopt straight-line fattening method to allow pigs to feed freely so that the growth potential of the pigs can be maximized; the male and female pigs are reared in separate rows to impose restrictions on castrated boars Feeding system, free access to gilts; monitoring the use of drugs in the diets of grow-finishing pigs, strictly refer to and implement the interval of drug use; in order to obtain the best benefits, you must prepare your own diet; The law of growth of pigs, setting goals for weight gain at the stage, and checking whether feeding management is in place according to the target.
3 Health care for pigs
The health care of pigs should follow certain principles, such as careful medication, do not add large doses to the feed when the pigs are in a healthy state, because every time the medicine will bring turmoil to the intestinal microecology system of the pigs. Need to consume large amounts of nutrients to readjust and restore it; balance it; keep the pigs in a dry, temperature-friendly, hygienic environment; the best medicine is a balanced and safe diet; and invest more in herd environment. Behavior and behavior are one of the best paths for profit. To improve the environment and implement precise feeding, the purpose of improving the health level of the herd and active immunity is to use the abdominal temperature and dryness of the ground as the first to improve the environmental welfare of pigs. Do not be fooled by some falsely exaggerated technology, such as probiotics, various growth-promoting drugs, etc. These substances may play a role when the pigs are in a healthy state, and use these when the herd is not ideal. Substances can have disastrous consequences. Therefore, when using, be sure to test first and find out whether the ingredients have a bad influence on the meat quality.
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