First, prepare before broadcast
(a) Variety selection
The spring maize in the northeast and northwest regions is cooked once a year. The autumn cools rapidly. Among them, the northeastern spring corn is mainly rain-fed. The northwest region is rich in light and heat resources, and it is drought-prone and mainly irrigated. Appropriate selection of medium-early-maturing and dense-seedling corn varieties with low seedling tolerance, drought resistance, lodging resistance, suitable ripening period, and rapid dehydration at the late grain filling stage. In the Huanghuaihai region and the northwestern mature cropping area, wheat and corn are the main crops. Considering that the winter wheat for the lower leaves should be reserved for the growth period, the shorter growing period, loose loquat leaves, insect resistance and lodging resistance should be selected. Corn varieties. The southwestern and southern corn areas are dominated by hills and mountains, and the planting methods are complex and diverse. The planting system has a one-year-old crop and one-year-old crop. Intercropping is the main feature of corn planting, and according to the characteristics of different regions, the corresponding Multi-resistance, high-yield corn varieties.
(b) Seed processing
In the precision seeding area, high-quality seeds must be selected and selected. The treated seeds must have a purity of more than 96%, a net degree of more than 98%, and a germination rate of more than 95%. Plasma or magnetization can be performed in areas where conditions permit. Before sowing, the corresponding control agent should be selected for seed dressing or coating treatment according to the degree of actual occurrence of various local pests and diseases. Especially in areas where soil-borne diseases, such as corn smut, seedling blight, and soil pests, and serious occurrence of underground pests, pest and disease prevention must be handled well before sowing.
(3) Site Preparation before Broadcasting
The northeast and northwest regions advocate the preparation of pre-sowing after harvesting the former crops before the soil is frozen, including deep-slug, stubble-killing, rotary tillage, alfalfa land, and basal fertilization. If conditions permit, operations should be carried out using multi-functional joint-operation implements. Promote and promote conservation tillage technology. The depth of deep-seated operation is based on the principle of breaking the bottom of the plough, which is generally 30-40 cm. The deep-slowing operation time should be selected according to the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of local rainfall in order to accumulate more natural rainfall; it is recommended that it be conducted every 2 to 4 years. When the local table is compacted or the grass is more prosperous, the equipment such as disk harrows, rotary cultivators, etc. can be used to carry out shallow or shallow rotation, and the surface soil treatment does not exceed 8 cm. Areas where conservation tillage is carried out should be carried out in accordance with the conservation tillage technical points and operating procedures.
When harvesting wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, a combined harvester with straw comminution is used. The stubble height is less than 20cm. After the straw is crushed, it is evenly sprinkled, and then the crop is sown without direct tillage. Generally, no site preparation is required.
In the southwestern and southern corn producing areas, rotary tillage can be performed before sowing. Hilly mountainous areas can be operated with small-scale micro-farming equipment, and the medium-sized and small-sized equipments can be used for the gentle slope farmland in Pingba area. For heavy soils, deep loose work can be performed as needed.
Second, sowing
Timely sowing is an important measure to ensure the uniformity of emergence. When the local temperature is 8 to 12°C and the soil moisture content is about 14%, sowing can be carried out. Reasonable planting density is one of the main factors to increase the yield per unit area. All localities should select suitable sowing volume in accordance with the characteristics of the local corn varieties, and ensure that the number of per mu plants meets the agronomic requirements. Mechanized precision seeding techniques should be used as far as possible. The operational requirements are: single-grain rate ≥85%, cavitation rate <5%, injuring rate ≤1.5%; sowing depth or cover soil depth is generally 4～5cm, error is less than 1cm; The passing rate of the plant spacing is ≥80%; the seed fertilizer should be applied below or below the seed, separated from the seed by more than 5°, and the strips should be even and continuous; the seedlings have good linearity, and the deviation between the seeds is not more than 4cm, so as to facilitate field management.
The row spacing of ridge cultivation in the northeast region is 60cm or 65cm, and gradually grows to 60cm and other row spacing planting methods; the Huanghuaihai region adopts 60cm row spacing planting methods. For the former buckwheat wheat planting, the demand for corn row spacing should be taken into account. Try not to adopt it. Interplanting methods; in the western region, where width and width are used for planting, the width of row should be unified as much as possible. The southwestern and southern planting areas, in combination with local conditions, reasonably determine the spacing and planting pattern for planting that is relatively stable and suitable for mechanical operations, and select the small and medium-sized precision seeder tools that are matched with them for sowing.
Third, field management
(I) Fertilization
According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, according to the target yield, fertilization method, and top-dressing amount in each region, during the jointing of maize or small bell-mouth period, high-middle-level cultivating equipment or light field management machinery is used to carry out cultivating and topdressing mechanization, and the operations are completed once. Ditch, fertilization, soil, repression and other processes. The amount of fertilizing fertilizer should be adjusted in the rows of fertilizer spreaders. The dressing equipment should have good inter-row passing performance. The top dressing should have no obvious root damage, and the injury rate should be 3%. There should be no broken strips, and the cover soil should be tight after fertilization.
(b) plant protection
According to the occurrence regularity of local corn diseases, weeds and weeds, adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures according to the requirements of plant protection, rationally select pesticides and dosages, and carry out prevention and control operations according to the mechanized and efficient plant protection technical operating procedures. Pre-emergence herbicide spraying should be carried out when the soil moisture is relatively high and evenly sprayed to form a layer of drug film on the surface; post-emergence application of herbicides is carried out in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of corn, requiring spraying between the rows near the ground. To reduce drug drift. In the middle and later stages of corn breeding, when spraying insecticides to control pests and diseases, high-lying ground spraying machinery shall be used for mechanized plant protection. Wherever conditions permit, it is necessary to actively promote agricultural avionics operation techniques, and to improve the accuracy and utilization of sprayed pesticides to prevent human and animal poisoning. , crop phytotoxicity and agricultural pesticide residues exceeded.
(III) Water-saving irrigation
In areas with favorable conditions, advanced water-saving irrigation technologies and equipment such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation shall be used to provide water-saving irrigation according to the requirements of corn water requirements.
Fourth, harvest
The harvesting operations should be carried out in accordance with the maturity of corn at appropriate locations. The appropriate combine harvesters and silage harvester models should be selected based on the size of the plots and the spacing and operation requirements. The row spacing of corn harvesters should be compatible with the row spacing of corn, and the row spacing deviation should not exceed 5?. Using mechanically harvested corn, the plant lodging rate should be
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