In order to maximize the effectiveness of pesticides while minimizing potential harm, it is essential to apply them as efficiently as possible. This involves using high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides, along with advanced and reliable application equipment and safe, rational methods. Therefore, pest and disease control must be carried out using specialized plant protection tools. Pesticide-free mechanized plant protection technology offers an effective solution for large-scale, high-efficiency, and low-residue pest control. It allows for reduced pesticide dosages, uniform spraying, and high atomization, ensuring that the liquid covers dense leaf structures effectively, leading to better control outcomes and reducing the risk of exposure to applicators.
First, spray powder mechanization technology features a variety of operations with common power sources, medicine boxes, and air supply devices such as fans and airflow delivery systems. The parts are generally standardized, making replacement convenient and reliable. The compact design and reasonable cost make this technology widely adaptable. Its advantages include long-range operation, high ergonomics, and comprehensive control over agricultural and forestry crops.
The mist spraying operation of the knapsack sprayer series uses a two-stroke gasoline engine with a high-speed fan to generate airflow. Most of the airflow passes through the nozzle, where it atomizes into a high-speed mist flow. The fog particle size typically ranges from 30-150 micrometers, with an average diameter of 90-120 micrometers. By replacing certain components, the same machine can also perform dusting operations.
The AG-type shoe pump sprayer developed in Wuhan, Hubei, and the large-scale garden planter sprayer have been widely applied and have obtained multiple national patents.
Second, ultra-low-volume spray mechanization technology has several key characteristics. It produces fine mist flows with high concentration, good penetration in crops, and long-lasting effects, resulting in excellent control performance. Compared to conventional spraying, it can save 10%-30% of pesticides. The small amount of liquid sprayed reduces ground loss and environmental pollution. It also requires less water and medication, making it ideal for timely control of sudden large-scale pests in areas like aerial spraying, arid regions, and forestry.
Common ultra-low-volume spray methods in China are categorized based on atomization principles (centrifugal, high-speed air, and hydraulic), carrying methods (handheld, backpack, vehicle-mounted, or aircraft), atomization power sources (hand, motor, or electric), and droplet deposition methods (direct impact, drift, or electrostatic). Among these, centrifugal atomizers are currently the most widely used.
There are two main types of ultra-low-volume sprayers: handheld and medium-sized. Handheld models are usually powered by micro DC motors, such as the Shanghai 3WCD-5A electric ultra-low-volume sprayer. Medium-sized models use 1-3 kW gasoline engines, like the WFB-18AC and Dongfanghong-18 backpack sprayers.
To implement ultra-low-volume spray technology effectively, several measures should be taken: selecting appropriate pesticides, determining suitable concentrations, applying the correct spraying techniques, and mastering optimal operational parameters. For example, walking speed should be 0.4–0.8 m/s in paddy fields, 0.8–1.2 m/s in dry lands, and the spray head should be kept at 0.6–1 m above the crop canopy. The elevation angle should be 5°–10°, and the effective spray width is 4–6 m in rice fields and 3–5 m in dry land. The dosage formula is: dosage (ml/hm) = flow rate (ml/s) / walking speed (m/s) × effective spray (m) × 100.
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