Yesterday was the National Day for Prevention and Treatment of Iodine Deficiency Disease. Iodine deficiency is the most serious and hidden danger to the human body. It is intellectual damage. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders are related to population quality and physical health. China is a country with serious iodine deficiency disorders in the world. Iodine deficiency is long-standing and widespread in China.
Then, how do the citizens' friends prevent iodine deficiency in their lives? In response, the reporter interviewed He Jianhua, chief physician of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Yongchuan Hospital affiliated with the doctor and received many scientific advice.
Lack of iodine can lead to intellectual impairment
Iodine deficiency disease (IDD) is a general term for a series of diseases or hazards caused by the lack of iodine, an essential trace element, in the human living environment.
He Jianhua said that the physiological role of iodine in the human body is achieved through the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are one of the most important hormones in the body.
Reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones caused by iodine deficiency can lead to impaired basic life activities and decreased physical fitness. This effect is lifelong. He Jianhua said that thyroid hormone regulates bone development, sexual development, muscle development, and height and weight of children during growth and development. The lack of thyroid hormone can lead to backward physical development, backward sexual development, short stature, muscle weakness and other backward development symptoms and signs, namely endemic goiter and endemic cretinism.
The most important thing is to affect brain development. He Jianhua said that in the fetal or infant brain development must rely on thyroid hormone in a certain period of time, its lack will lead to different levels of brain development, after birth, there will be different degrees of mental retardation.
This kind of obstacle is basically irreversible, and supplementing iodine after a critical period will not help. However, iodine supplementation can also ensure normal physical development, correct hypothyroidism, restore physical fitness, and indirectly improve mental activity.
Human iodine is mainly derived from food
He Jianhua said that although global efforts to eliminate iodine deficiency have made remarkable achievements in the field of health hazards, iodine deficiency disorders are still a major global public health problem, affecting prenatal and postnatal care and improving the quality of population. The problem.
So what are the sources of human iodine? According to He Jianhua, 80%-90% of human iodine comes from food, 10%-20% is obtained from drinking water, and 5% of iodine is from air.
In fact, iodine deficiency disorders are preventable. The easiest, safest and most effective way to prevent iodine deficiency is to eat iodized salt. However, the amount of iodine contained in common salt is minimal, the more refined salt contains less iodine, and the amount of iodine contained in sea salt is about 20 micrograms/kg. If only 10 grams of salt is consumed per person per day, only 2 micrograms can be obtained. Iodine is far from meeting the need to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
Therefore, people can also satisfy the intake of iodine by using some seafood. Such as kelp, seaweed, fresh octopus, clams, dried clams, dried scallops, mussels, sea cucumbers, jellyfish, lobsters and so on. Kelp has the highest iodine content, reaching 240 mg/kg in dry kelp; followed by sea shellfish and fresh sea fish (about 800 micrograms/kg).
In addition, He Jianhua also introduced the highest iodine content of eggs and milk in land foods (40 micrograms/kg-90 micrograms/kg). Followed by meat, the iodine content of freshwater fish is lower than that of meat, and the iodine content of plants is the lowest, especially fruits and vegetables.
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