Herbal identification
The dried tubers are conical or obovate, rounded on the lower tip, 2.5 to 5 cm long and 1.5 to 3.5 cm in diameter; the surface is yellowish-white or gray-yellow, delicate or rough, with traces of cutting , with dense punctate root marks, slightly horizontally arranged in circles, with protruding sides on both sides, uneven; solid, very difficult to break, flat cut surface, yellowish-white or off-white, darker inside, with a majority in between Obviously small vascular dots; weak gas, mild taste, slight chewing, and spicy taste. Take a uniform, weight, solid quality, to the net skin, yellow and white surface is better. It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei. In addition, there are tubers of Cyperaceae plant Scirpus flaviatilis (Torr.) A, Gray, which are also used in the northeast and Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, and other places. The product is known as "black triangulation" ("Kaibo" The black triangulation recorded in Materia Medica is this, or "triangular".
Triterpenes is a perennial herb, 70-150 cm tall, with rhizomes traversing laterally, apex with globose tubers; stalks sharply triangular, leaves flattened, linear, 20-30 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, with base sheathed amplexicaul; The long lateral branch cymes have 3 to 8 radiating branches, each radiating branch has 1 to 3 (~4) spikelets, spikelets oblong, 1 to 2 cm long, 5 to 8 (~10) mm wide; scale films Mass, about 7 mm long, externally pubescent, apex awned, awn 2–3 mm long; setae 6, stamens 3, pistil 1, stigma 3. Nutlets three prisms. Medicinal materials are nearly spherical or inverted conical, about 3 to 4 cm long, about 2 to 3 cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown or reddish-brown with wrinkles and less fibrous root scars. The peelers are similar in appearance to the above varieties, light and strong, flat in cross-section, yellow, and scattered in vascular bundles; Microscopic identification: cross-section of tuber: there are residual cortical cells, occasionally scattered calcium oxalate crystal clusters; obvious endothelium, cell walls and sidewall thickening. Center column vascular bundles, external tough type and peripheral wood type.
Most of the secretory cells scattered in the parenchyma of the product contained deep yellowish secretions; parenchyma cells contained starch grains. Powder: yellowish white.
1 The powder particles are round or oval in shape, and the stratification is not obvious. The ten-element constants are aggregated into round, oval-shaped masses, and the complex particles are composed of 2-3 fractions.
2 The parietal cells are short fusiform, long or irregularly branched, and the edges are microwave-shaped irregularities, 14-270 μm in length, 9-54 μm in diameter, 2-27 μm in wall thickness, non-wooden or slightly woody, and extremely thick in wall. The stratification is obvious, the pores are dense, and the thicker walls are more sparse.
3 The woody parenchyma cells are oblong, oblong or irregular, 22-234μm in length, 9-45μm in diameter, slightly thicker in wall, and even beaded and slightly woody.
4 thin-walled cells are round or polygonal, diameter 54-90μm, slightly thicker walls, non-wood, sparse pits and pores.
5 Ladder-shaped pit-hole catheters and a few ladders and threaded catheters are 9-23 μm in diameter.
6 Long fusiform fiber, 126-280μm long, 7-17μm in diameter, slightly thicker wall, slightly woody or woody, with sparse single twill holes. In addition, occasionally rectangular and square catheters are found in thin cells and stellate cells.
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