Many experienced fruit growers have said: "The fruit trees must be high-yielding, the autumn fertilizer is the key", "Four-year fertilization materials, and autumn fertilizer are the most important." Indeed, in the actual production operation, the fruit tree Shiqijifei has the advantage of no winter and spring basal fertilizer.
First, the benefits of fruit trees Shi Qiji Fei
1, organic fertilizer is easy to fully rot decomposition. After the fruits are harvested in the fall, the temperature and the ground temperature are still relatively high. The higher temperature can promote the organic rot to decompose and rot. It can be used to supplement the nutrient consumed by the tree. It can restore the tree vigor and accumulate nutrients for safe wintering and flower buds. The differentiation and the growth of spring shoots in the following year are well prepared for the material; it is beneficial to increase the rate of results and to reduce the number of falling flowers.
2. It is beneficial to improve soil structure and fertilize soil. The orchards in mountainous and hilly areas in South China are generally thin and have low organic matter content. Even if it is in the paddy fields or paddy field orchards, the content of organic matter is not high, and it must be constantly improved to improve the soil fertility. Only then can it improve the water retention and fertility conservation and the growth rate of fruit tree roots. The purpose of soil management is to ripen the soil and create environmental conditions that are suitable for the growth of fruit trees roots, water, fertilizer, gas, and heat to ensure early harvest, high yield, and stable yield of fruit trees. The effective measures to ripen the soil are: deep turning green soil, increasing organic fertilizer; planting green manure to cover the ground; rational use of lime to reduce soil acidity;
3. After the root cut, the wound is easy to heal, roots grow fast, and the number of hair roots is large. Autumn is the third peak of fruit trees. When basal fertilizer is applied, it is easy to bump and dig roots. Because the soil temperature is generally above 20°C during this period of time, it is also the strong growth of roots after each shoot turning green. During the period, the wounds after the root cut easily healed, the roots grew rapidly, and the number of hairy roots increased. At the same time, green materials are more abundant and excavation works are easier. The incorporation of part of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium quick-release chemical fertilizers in the basal fertilizer is more effective than winter and spring basal fertilizers in terms of accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, increase of tissue fluid concentration, and enhancement of antifreeze and cold resistance.
Second, the fruit tree Shiqiji specific measures
1, fertilization period. Autumn basal fertilization is 2 to 3 months ahead of winter basal fertilization. Immediately after picking fruit and purifying the turf, it is beneficial to supplement the nutrients consumed by the tree and restore the tree potential as soon as possible.
2, fertilization types. To organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, to improve the combination of soil and support, delays and complementary effects. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be combined in chemical fertilizers, but it is not appropriate to apply too much of available nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause winter shoots. For fruit trees lacking trace elements, micro-fertilizers should also be targeted. For adult fruit trees, each plant uses 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.15 kg of urea, 3-4 kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Fruit trees lacking trace elements should be applied at discretion. Before Shi Qiji Fei, organic manure and phosphate fertilizer or calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer should be fully stacked and fermented, and then be added together with other fertilizers.
3, fertilization method.
1 furrow application: fertilize the ditch in the canopy drip line position, the shape can be opened into a ring, arc, rectangle, etc., ditch depth 40-50 cm, the width of the ditch should be determined depending on the amount of fertilizer, such as the amount of fertilizer, ditch It is wide. Gutter bottom should be flat, topped with water and fertilizer, and then spread the dry fertilizer in the ditch, until the water is dry immediately covered with soil. Before the fertilization, the roots exposed in the trenches should be cut along the trench walls, and the clippings should be smoothed to prevent moldy rot, in order to facilitate the early healing of wounds and the occurrence of new roots. In the case of acid soils, lime is applied to each layer of grass fertilizer to reduce the acidity of the soil and to accelerate the decomposition of the fertilizer. When fertilizing, the coarse fat such as branches, leaves and grass should be placed on the bottom layer, and the top layer should be filled with organic fertilizer. Apply a layer of soil over each layer of fertilizer. The last time the soil is covered should be 30-35 cm above the ground to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water after the fertilizer is ripe, resulting in rot. The time from ditching to earth covering should be subject to the circumstances. In case of high temperature weather, it is better not to be late, generally 2-3 days after the cover soil.
2 Pan Shi: In the adult orchard, the tree canopy has been sealed, and the root groups staggered over the entire orchard. The specific operation is for each fertilization. On the side of the plant, the topsoil shall be split along the spacing or spacing of the plants. When the soil is near the trunk, it should be shallow (8 -10 cm), and the distant trunk should be deep (40-50 cm). ). In case of autumn drought, it is necessary to first pour water and fertilizer, then spread the fertilizer evenly, and then cover the soil after the water is dry.
First, the benefits of fruit trees Shi Qiji Fei
1, organic fertilizer is easy to fully rot decomposition. After the fruits are harvested in the fall, the temperature and the ground temperature are still relatively high. The higher temperature can promote the organic rot to decompose and rot. It can be used to supplement the nutrient consumed by the tree. It can restore the tree vigor and accumulate nutrients for safe wintering and flower buds. The differentiation and the growth of spring shoots in the following year are well prepared for the material; it is beneficial to increase the rate of results and to reduce the number of falling flowers.
2. It is beneficial to improve soil structure and fertilize soil. The orchards in mountainous and hilly areas in South China are generally thin and have low organic matter content. Even if it is in the paddy fields or paddy field orchards, the content of organic matter is not high, and it must be constantly improved to improve the soil fertility. Only then can it improve the water retention and fertility conservation and the growth rate of fruit tree roots. The purpose of soil management is to ripen the soil and create environmental conditions that are suitable for the growth of fruit trees roots, water, fertilizer, gas, and heat to ensure early harvest, high yield, and stable yield of fruit trees. The effective measures to ripen the soil are: deep turning green soil, increasing organic fertilizer; planting green manure to cover the ground; rational use of lime to reduce soil acidity;
3. After the root cut, the wound is easy to heal, roots grow fast, and the number of hair roots is large. Autumn is the third peak of fruit trees. When basal fertilizer is applied, it is easy to bump and dig roots. Because the soil temperature is generally above 20°C during this period of time, it is also the strong growth of roots after each shoot turning green. During the period, the wounds after the root cut easily healed, the roots grew rapidly, and the number of hairy roots increased. At the same time, green materials are more abundant and excavation works are easier. The incorporation of part of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium quick-release chemical fertilizers in the basal fertilizer is more effective than winter and spring basal fertilizers in terms of accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, increase of tissue fluid concentration, and enhancement of antifreeze and cold resistance.
Second, the fruit tree Shiqiji specific measures
1, fertilization period. Autumn basal fertilization is 2 to 3 months ahead of winter basal fertilization. Immediately after picking fruit and purifying the turf, it is beneficial to supplement the nutrients consumed by the tree and restore the tree potential as soon as possible.
2, fertilization types. To organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, to improve the combination of soil and support, delays and complementary effects. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be combined in chemical fertilizers, but it is not appropriate to apply too much of available nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause winter shoots. For fruit trees lacking trace elements, micro-fertilizers should also be targeted. For adult fruit trees, each plant uses 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.15 kg of urea, 3-4 kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Fruit trees lacking trace elements should be applied at discretion. Before Shi Qiji Fei, organic manure and phosphate fertilizer or calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer should be fully stacked and fermented, and then be added together with other fertilizers.
3, fertilization method.
1 furrow application: fertilize the ditch in the canopy drip line position, the shape can be opened into a ring, arc, rectangle, etc., ditch depth 40-50 cm, the width of the ditch should be determined depending on the amount of fertilizer, such as the amount of fertilizer, ditch It is wide. Gutter bottom should be flat, topped with water and fertilizer, and then spread the dry fertilizer in the ditch, until the water is dry immediately covered with soil. Before the fertilization, the roots exposed in the trenches should be cut along the trench walls, and the clippings should be smoothed to prevent moldy rot, in order to facilitate the early healing of wounds and the occurrence of new roots. In the case of acid soils, lime is applied to each layer of grass fertilizer to reduce the acidity of the soil and to accelerate the decomposition of the fertilizer. When fertilizing, the coarse fat such as branches, leaves and grass should be placed on the bottom layer, and the top layer should be filled with organic fertilizer. Apply a layer of soil over each layer of fertilizer. The last time the soil is covered should be 30-35 cm above the ground to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water after the fertilizer is ripe, resulting in rot. The time from ditching to earth covering should be subject to the circumstances. In case of high temperature weather, it is better not to be late, generally 2-3 days after the cover soil.
2 Pan Shi: In the adult orchard, the tree canopy has been sealed, and the root groups staggered over the entire orchard. The specific operation is for each fertilization. On the side of the plant, the topsoil shall be split along the spacing or spacing of the plants. When the soil is near the trunk, it should be shallow (8 -10 cm), and the distant trunk should be deep (40-50 cm). ). In case of autumn drought, it is necessary to first pour water and fertilizer, then spread the fertilizer evenly, and then cover the soil after the water is dry.
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