First, the preparation of musk rats before the preparation
A, cage preparation
At present, most of the artificially reared muskrats are reared in outdoor enclosures. There are flat-type houses, vertical houses, house-style houses, young rat houses and simple houses in the cages of artificial musk rats. . Individuals also use indoor cages. Outdoor enclosures are more economical and practical, and they are easy to raise in rural areas. However, they occupy a large area, and ponds used for breeding are also susceptible to freezing in the winter. Indoor cage rearing density, suitable for urban or experimental feeding.
When using outdoor enclosures, it is necessary to have a breeding site. There must be a wall around the site. The site should be covered with a simple shed that shelters rain, snow, and sun from the sun. The shed in the shed should be kept in a shed. The breeding sites should be selected where the water source is sufficient, the leeward environment is quiet, the environment is not disturbed by humans and livestock, and the road is far away from the road. In order to avoid mutual infections, the musk rat must be kept far away from livestock ranches and poultry farms. Generally, it is required to be 500m away, and it is best to choose upstream of the top wind or water source. When you are keeping at home, you can also make full use of the existing conditions and use the spare blocks behind the house, but try to avoid roads, railways, machine rooms, and livestock houses to ensure the quiet environment. The breeding site must also be built in a place where there is a wide range of feed sources, or where it can be purchased nearby.
The walls of the feeding grounds can be encased in masonry, or they can be enclosed in thin iron or wire mesh. The height of the wall is appropriate for 1.2m, because the muskrats can escape through the wall, so the inner wall should be as smooth as possible without any horns. The simple sheds can be covered with adult characters, or they can be built into a slope type. Generally, they are made of wood, angle steel, bamboo, etc., and they are covered with asbestos tiles, linoleum paper or mortuary. The height of the shed is 1.1 to 1.5m, the width of the single row is 2m, and the double row is about 4m. The length can be determined by the feeding conditions, the number and size of the breeding heads, and the size of the site. In the winter, it is also possible to use the vegetable or plastic greenhouses for feeding.
In terms of the overall structure, the pens are mainly composed of three major parts: (1) Nest: It is a place where the muskrats rest and give birth. It is divided into two parts: the inner room and the outer room, and the inner room is larger. The room is smaller. (2) Sports ground: It is a place where Muskrat moves, eats, and mates. (3) Pool: It is a place for musk rat water bath and mating, and must be a watertight container. Whether it is the nest or the upper cover of the pen, there must be a wire mesh cover net, and leave a small door or hole for feeding, capturing or observation, the size of which is based on the convenience of operation.
B. Preparation of feed
The musk rat has a wide range of feed sources and is cheap and easy to obtain. Concentrates are mainly cereals, such as corn flour, barley flour, bean cake flour, wheat bran, etc.; roots include carrots, radishes, beets and potatoes; melons such as pumpkins, horn gourds; vegetables such as cabbage, cabbage, vegetables, etc.; In addition, a variety of fresh aquatic plants such as horseweed, rushes, reeds, leeches and other weeds, wild vegetables, tender leaves, etc. can be used as green feed. Of course, a certain amount of animal feed (fish meal, milk powder), yeast powder, bone meal, salt, etc. must also be added to the caged mice to ensure the nutritional needs of each developmental period. The principle of feed coordination of musk rat should be based on full price nutrition and diversification. Normally, green feed is the main ingredient in spring and summer, and about 300 grams per day for adult rats, supplemented with about 50 grams of fine material; the food intake during winter is drastically reduced, and the diet is carrot, The radish is mainly accompanied by about 200 grams of vegetables and concentrates, but green hay should be provided.
The concentrate feed can be made into granular, lumpy, or nested heads, and can also be adjusted to be semi-dry and semi-wet. However, it must be cooked and fed. Feeding should be regular, fixed times.
Second, the musk rat feeding and management
A, spring feeding management
The spring is at its breeding preparation and breeding season. The southern region will enter the breeding season in about February and the breeding season in March; the northern region will enter the breeding season in March and the breeding season in April. The management points for each issue are now described as follows:
(1) Preparation for breeding period
A thorough inventory of the herds was conducted to check the body condition of the mice, supply water to the pool in advance, give cushions to the nests, increase the temperature in the nest (10 to 12 degrees Celsius), and promote estrus. Check whether there is a pair of males and females in the nest cage. For the male and female rats at the end of last year's estrus, at 6 to 9 o'clock in the evening, place the bulb 50 to 60 cm away from the pool cover for several hours to promote the estrus. At the same time, sufficient amount of concentrate feed, roughage (based on fresh poplar and willow branches, supplement of cabbage, carrots, and other vegetable feeds) during the breeding season, and work well for epidemic prevention. At this time, olaquindox should be added to the concentrate before and after the water supply to mix and feed 2 times. In addition, add 1 kilogram of flour or malt supplements for every 100 kilograms of concentrate material and continue until the breeding period.
(2) Breeding period
Apart from the same management as the previous period, this period is mainly to put branches or green grass on the sports ground to provide a hidden environment, and at any time for its use of roughage and self-infant nests.
(3) Litter and lactation
In this period, in addition to the supplements for feeding and feeding during the breeding period, soybean milk or cow and goat milk must be blended according to local conditions to ensure the normal feeding of the pups and the maternal need for mating. . Feeding the roughage depends on the season's supply of fresh herbivores and branches. In addition to ensuring that it has enough fresh roughage to eat, it can also be used to retreat into the water in the nest to prevent blind mice from crawling into the pool blindly.
(4) Growing period
When 28 to 30 days after delivery, the litter should be split in time to facilitate the production of the second child and mating of the third child. The littermates should be reared with their litter and provided with sufficient amount of concentrate and palatable roughage. The bath water in the pool should be filled at all times so as not to drown the pups into drowning. The pups can be bred in 3 months after they are divided into nests.
B. Summer feeding and management
The management techniques in the summer are almost the same as in the spring. However, attention should be paid to hygiene and epidemic prevention, disinfection of the field area and tools should be done, and the condition must be prevented and treated in a timely manner. During the rainy season, 2 mg olaquindox tablets were fed every 10 days and fed once every 10 days. Because the musk rat is a herbivorous animal, the use of antibiotics should be forbidden to prevent the digestive system diseases caused by disorder of the intestinal flora. In summer, mating, littering and tending of muskrats can be carried out at the same time. Because it is a multiple-parodied animal, it can be re-breeded within a few days after giving birth. At the same time, good pups should be breast-fed and young pups of more than one child can be nurtured. Bred. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the site quiet and provide adequate and clean bath water.
C. Autumn feeding and management
Fall management should provide enough winter feed to store hay for the winter. In addition, breeding muskrats are selected for breeding, and brooding mice of different nests are paired together to enter wintering breeding. Insufficient nests can be raised in the winter with the nest clusters, and then the selection and matching of the breeding seasons will be completed. Before entering late autumn and winter, fresh water must be changed every other day or several days until ice is frozen.
D. Winter Management
The management of winter is mainly due to sufficient heat preservation of the flocculation, timely feeding of feed vegetables, and observation of persistence. The main approach is: fill the pool with hay, so that the muskrats themselves can be ordered into a grass-hole orderly life. The feeding of feed vegetables should be adhered to once a day, and observe the activities and records.
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