At present, the cotton fields are entering the flowering stage one after another, after which the cotton will enter the flowering and boll stage, which is the period of peak fertilizer requirement of cotton. The demand for nutrients during the flowering and bolling period of cotton is continuous and uninterrupted. Therefore, in addition to the particularly fertile soil, it must be supplemented by topdressing.
One, fertilizer-free plots to increase the amount of top dressing. In areas where the average cotton planting area is high, some villages still maintain low input and low output, and the benefits of planting cotton are very low. Some even apply only 10-15 kilograms of urea or diammonium (more than 150 kilograms of per annum per mu of seed cotton). Now the cotton plants have shown severe shortage of fertilizers. In particular, Nanpi County has already experienced heavy rainfall, and the cotton fields have accumulated water. Few available nutrients have been leached out and are now in urgent need of topdressing. If the base fertilizer application is minimal and no potassium fertilizer is applied to the cotton field, apply 10 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of high-quality potassium fertilizer (salt and alkali must be applied with potassium sulfate); if potassium fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, apply 10-15 kg of urea to Mushi. According to tests: In the case of a ratio of seed cotton and cotton stalks of around 1:1.5, it takes 4-5 kg ​​of nitrogen, 1.3-1.6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 4-5 kg ​​of potassium oxide per 100 kg of seed cotton. Without the use of a certain amount of fertilizer, it is not possible to produce high yields of cotton. Five kg of diammonium should also be added to the phosphorus-deficient land. Slow-release coated urea (commonly known as controlled-release fertilizer) has a long pot life and high utilization rate. It can be mixed with ordinary urea in a 1:1 manner, which ensures both current and future care. During the flowering and bolling period, topdressing should not be followed by compound fertilizer, but instead, urea, potassium sulfate, and other available fertilizers should be used to absorb and utilize the cotton as soon as possible.
Second, there are earthworms to pay close attention to root fertilization. In areas with large rainfall in the previous period, such as soil, there should be better sensation in the soil, and we should seize the time to apply root fertilization. Be careful not to apply it between small rows. Small rows are the weakest places in the cotton root system. Between the small rows, there is a slight carelessness. For example, if the amount of fertilizer is large, the fertilizer is uneven, and the nakedness is relatively close to the cotton, or after the application of light rain, it is easy to cause fertilizer damage to make the cotton plants wilting, and there are many areas before the bud. If the herbicide is used improperly or with a large amount, the root system is even weaker, so it is strictly forbidden to fertilize between small rows. At the beginning of flowering, it is necessary to apply one line at the middle of the big line. "Centralized fertilization" does not mean "near fertilization." It has been determined that the root depth of the main roots of cotton at the initial flowering stage has exceeded 1 meter, and the lateral extension of lateral roots has also exceeded 50 centimeters, and the extension rate of 0.5-1 centimeter can be maintained every day. Therefore, even if the fertilizer is applied in the middle of a one-meter-wide row, the cotton on both sides can be utilized; in addition, the cotton root has chemotaxis, where there is fertilizer, where the root system is more prosperous. And the deeper the better the topdressing, the best to 10% or more, so that less fertilizer loss, but also induce the root under the bar.
Third, drought must be fertilized after watering. In many areas, farmers do not apply fertilizer when pouring cotton. Instead, the fertilizer is topped with water and fertilizer is delayed for 5-7 days. Once it is poured, the rain will be postponed for a longer period of time, and the combined effect of water and fertilizer cannot be exerted. Therefore, when cotton is dry and watering during the flowering and boll season, fertilize before watering. If the land is already dry and cannot be applied to the root, it can be sprinkled with urea on the ground surface (like wheat top dressing). Urea is very soluble in water and has a solubility of 105% at 20°C, which is twice as high as ammonium sulfate and easily moves with water. Therefore, when the urea meets water, it dissolves into the water quickly and migrates with the water to the soil for use by the cotton root system. Although this method of surface preparation is a taboo for soil fatteners and cultivators, it is still a viable method when the watering and dryness of the land cannot be carried out, and this method of fertilization is simple, labor-saving, and has a good fertilizer effect. . Some people questioned that the cultivating loose soil after watering will cause the loss of urea in the upper layer of the soil, but in comparison, the benefits of this method of fertilizer and fertilizer combination far outweigh the disadvantages.
Fourth, can not be watered and can not be applied to the roots of cotton fields immediately spray fertilizer. Urea and potassium sulfate are the best foliar fertilizers for supplementing nitrogen and potassium. The spraying concentration is 2%, and at least one kg of fertilizer is applied per acre at a time. Urea and potassium sulfate can be used alone, or they can be mixed or used interchangeably. Generally, potassium is applied after the first nitrogen. If mixed with pesticides, the amount of fertilizer can be properly reduced, the interval is shorter, and sprayed several times. If combined with chemical and chemical control, it should be based on chemical control. The cotton plant should be sprayed at a high level and sprayed at a low level.
Fifth, high-yield cotton field bells should also be fattened later. The ability of cotton to produce high yields depends on the number of bells on the top three fruit branches and the quality of the bell. In addition to climate and pest influencing factors, nutrient supply still plays a decisive role. In the late cotton, the roots of the cotton are getting older and the absorption function is gradually declining. Adding the lower part of the bell consumes a large amount of available nutrients in the soil; and after the rainy season, the available nutrients in the soil are subject to a certain leaching loss, so the nutrient supply in the later period is generally satisfied. Can not rely on the needs of the upper bell, but also rely on foliar spray fertilizer to solve; especially in the case of the bell in the middle part of the case, the late spray fertilizer is more important.
Experience has shown that, for most cotton fields, the most nutritious elements in the latter period are still available potassium. The typical symptom of potassium deficiency is that the old leaves in the lower part turn yellow or red, and the veins remain green. Generally, the potassium-deficient cotton fields begin to show after August 10, especially in rainy years. Therefore, most of the cotton fields should be based on potassium supplements, and high-quality potassium sulfate is still the first choice for potassium spraying. Any other foliar fertilizer is not as potassium-rich as potassium sulfate, and the price is high. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a traditional foliar fertilizer for cotton, but because of its low potassium content, it is not suitable for potassium supplementation. General cotton fields should be sprayed potassium sulphate 2-3 times in the middle and early August. For example, in late August and early September, cotton fields were found to be prematurely depleted due to lack of potassium production, and it would be too late to supplement potassium.
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