Dilution of South American white prawn (2)

In recent years, due to the success of large-scale artificial propagation of shrimp seedlings, the area under cultivation of white shrimp (P. vannamei) has been expanding. According to the characteristics of white shrimp adaptation to low salinity growth, the technical problems of breeding whitebait in freshwater ponds are discussed. It is expected to reduce or block the spread of white spot pathogens in seawater in shrimp ponds. Maoming Marine Technology Innovation Center From March 25 to June 27, 2000, the white prawn desalination experiment was conducted at the Wangzihan Farm of Wuyi Village, Guanzhu Township, Dangbai County, and the Maotai City Institute of Fisheries. The test results show that Wang Zihan farm breeding time is 94 days, specifications for the 62 / kg, the survival rate of 5094%, yield 4107850 kg, the average yield of 11737 kg per mu, the output value of 17.64 million yuan, after deducting the production cost of 6.23 million yuan, profit 11.41 million yuan, the average profit of 3260 yuan mu; Maoming City Institute of Science, breeding time 132 days, 38 acres, 513 kilograms of shrimp, output 26624 yuan, cost 13,200 yuan, net profit 13,424 yuan, average yield 1345 kg per mu. Practice has proved that the use of freshwater shrimp can effectively control the occurrence of many shrimp diseases. It not only provides a new road for wealth for specialized freshwater aquaculture households, but also opens up a practical way for the problem of eating shrimp in inland areas. At present, under the circumstance that seawater prawn cultivation in China is plagued by seawater pollution and disease epidemic, it is promising to develop inland desalinated white prawn. In order to further improve the level of white prawn dilute aquaculture technology, the center started from August 2000 to the end of 2001, and carried out 4 production dilute aquaculture production trials, so that the white prawn desalination culture technology is more mature and receives good economic benefits. Farming area of ​​30 acres, put 2.5 million seedlings, a total of 27 tons of shrimp, the average yield of 200-250 kg per mu. The following briefly introduces the main points of white shrimp prawn breeding technology for your reference. Pond condition 1, pond condition No pollution source near the pond, drainage and irrigation are convenient, sandy, sandy bottom can be, yellow mud or red mud bottom is better, black mud bottom is poor, the pond shape is preferably rectangular, depth 2-25 Meters, with an area of ​​5-10 acres and an aspect ratio of 3-4:1, facilitate feeding and water quality management. Each 5 mu pond must be equipped with a 15 kW impeller aerator. 2. Adequate water sources, fresh water, no pollution, and in line with national water quality standards for freshwater aquaculture. Qingtang Feishui 1, clearing the pond before stocking, first drain the pool water, seal the sun pool. Weeds and weeds below the highest waterline around the pond are cleaned of debris, and old ponds with thick sediments and shrimp ponds heavily polluted after shrimp farming are mechanically dredged and cleaned. The pond was exposed to dry cracks. 2. Surrounding the pool of sapling desalinated ponds. Select ponds to ventilate to the side of the sun to build a sapling desalination pool on the side of the sun. Use bamboo strips as pile holders, and then use a stripe plastic cloth or plastic film to divide the pond into a pool. Depending on the amount, generally several tens of square meters to more than one hundred square meters, the seedling density of 1000-5000 tails/square meter. In addition, a pool of concrete can be constructed on the pond base, or a pool bag made by sewing with a striped plastic cloth can be put into the pond water for dilute culture of the shrimp seedlings. 3, poison ponds harm 75-100 kg of lime per acre or 100-150 kg of hydrated lime for dry clear pond, the whole pool evenly spill dry lime powder. 4. After entering the water to clear the pond for 2 days, use a 60 mesh bag to filter the water. As early as the water temperature is low, the water level is controlled to be 40-50 cm deep, and the late-made water temperature is higher, and the water level is controlled to be 50-60 cm deep. Subsequently, depending on the situation of pond water and fertilizer, appropriate amount of fermented high-quality organic fertilizer or single-cell algae culture fertilizer is used as water to breed basic food organisms. In the desalination pool, natural seawater is added or desalinated cultured white prawn-specific sea crystal is used to adjust the salinity of the pool water to be close to the salinity of the shrimp farm, and then use a high-quality bleach 50ppm or strong chlorine 5ppm for disinfection. Diluting and Breeding 1. Put the seedlings in the environment After the disinfectant in the shrimp seedling pool fails, use a 120- to 390-watt oil-free air compressor to connect the air tubes and aerogels to continuously inflate and aerate oxygen in the pool, so that the salt water and fresh water in the pool can be fully mixed and the salinity can be kept stable. . 2, the temperature of the water temperature is constant above 20 °C can be put on the white shrimp, if no cold air in the southern region, in mid-March can be put seedlings. 3, salinity pond water salinity generally controlled at 3‰-15‰, depending on the availability of shrimp seedlings, but pay attention to the salinity difference should not exceed 2‰. 4. After several days of oxygenating and aeration, test the water and gradually breed single-cell algae. Set up a small net pool in the pool and put 100 or so shrimps to test the water. After 48 hours of observation, no dead seedlings will be found. Abnormal conditions can be put seedlings. 5, seed size of stocking white shrimp should choose healthy shrimp without sickness, specifications required in the 07-08 cm above, preferably greater than 1 cm, large-scale shrimp adaptability to changes in salinity. 6. The seedling density of the seedlings in the pool is the total amount of seedlings in the shrimp pond. Semi-intensive ponds generally put 1-250,000 seedlings per acre, and high-density intensive culture ponds have 30,000-50,000 seedlings per acre. 7, the desalination of salinity speed control seedlings the next day, open a desalination pool a gap, with a small mesh screen will be separated from the pool water and pond water, so that shrimp can not run out of the pool. At this time, the salt in the pool spreads freely, depending on the condition of the water quality and the speed of desalination, change the water with a small pump. When the salinity of the pool water is above 3‰, the desalination rate can be faster, and can be reduced by 1‰-2‰ per day, and below 3‰, the rate of decline is less than 1‰ per day. After about 10 days of desalination, the pool water salinity dropped to 0, and the shrimps were desalted. 8, water quality management due to desalination pond shrimp seedlings density is too large, the water quality is variable, so every day must use the oil-free air compressor to maintain 24 hours of air aeration, so that the pool of dissolved oxygen often saturated, accelerated organic decomposition and ammonia nitrogen transformation, and By changing the water, the transparency of the pool water is maintained at about 30-40 cm, and it is often inspected at night to prevent blackouts and oxygen loss. Use hydrated lime powder to adjust the pH and keep it between 75-92. 9. Feeding management In the early stage of planting seedlings, the individual shrimps are small, and they are not adapted to food pellet feeds. They are mainly fed with shrimp chips and egg yolks, supplemented with a small amount of filter-washed pellet feed liquid, and the feeding amount is 2-3 ppm. 6 times a day. With the individual growth of shrimp seedlings, the feed is gradually dominated by pellet feed. The feed amount is 10% to 15% of the shrimp body weight, and 4 to 6 times per day. The shrimp seedlings should be eaten within 2 hours. Shrimp seedlings 1 and 2 clear ponds do not need to do this work under normal circumstances. In the later period of culturing shrimp, observe the situation of the stock of Datong and the number of predatory creatures, and decide whether to carry out the second clear pond for two reasons: (1) Remove harmful algae and re-do water. The first time the water was made was not ideal. It was found that the pool water could not be made into a normal water color dominated by yellow algae and diatoms. The harmful algae (such as Microcystis, etc. Hazardous, the direct intake of cyanobacteria in shrimp causes indigestion and reduced food intake. Harmful algal blooms cause overgrowth, causing abnormal fluctuations in the pH of the pool water. Some species will produce toxins that cause abnormal growth or death of the shrimps; (2) Clearance of predator organisms, increase survival rate and feed utilization rate. Freshwater prawn is affected by the surrounding farmland environment and there are more predators. The time from the first clear pond to the decapitation of the larvae was generally around 20 days. At this time, large numbers of predatory creatures such as frogs and shrimp forceps have been produced in the pond. When the pond is clear, the gap in the shrimp pond is closed and the water for desalination is taken from another pond. Qingtang uses high-quality bleaching powder with fast failure time, and the dosage is 20-30ppm, and the whole pond is splashed evenly. 2. After the second test of water to be used for drug failure at Datang Ton Pond, the body length of the shrimp usually reaches 225 cm, and the adaptability and feeding capacity are already strong. The desalinated shrimp seedlings were put into the test pond in the Datang net pool. After 24 hours, no dead seedlings and muscle turbidity were found. The shrimp seedlings can be placed in Datang. 3. The release of crystal sea shrimp seedlings from Shih Hoi on the day prior to the release of Datang was conducted in 50 to 100 kilograms of sea crystals per acre, which was conducive to the provision of trace elements to improve shrimp adaptability. Cultivation management 1, water level and water exchange According to the water source, the stage of the shrimp seedlings is maintained at 40-80 cm. In the pre-cultivation period, appropriate amounts of unpolluted water (clean fish pond water) can be added until the water level reaches 1 meter or more. In the middle and later stages of development, the water level is maintained at 15-2 meters. Depending on the water quality, if the transparency is too low or large, harmful unicellular algae can multiply, and a small amount of water can be changed as appropriate. 2. Feeding management Select pelleted feeds that meet the standards for quality and safety and health. Feeding rate for the previous feed is 6% -10%, and 4 shots per day. Feeding rate of feed in the middle and late period is 3%-5%, and 4-5 times daily. Regularly measure shrimp growth, including body length, body weight, and survival tails, and make appropriate adjustments based on feeding conditions, weather conditions, and water quality. 3, water quality management According to the change of water quality, often determine the water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value. Aerators should be opened at a proper time to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen; hydrated lime powder and zeolite powder should be used to adjust the pH of the pool water so that the pH during the middle and later stages is not less than 72%. Disease prevention and control 1. Actively patrol the pool for early detection. Each morning, noon, evening and midnight, the pools are surveyed once, observe the situation around the shrimp ponds, the water surface shrimp movement and distribution, and shrimp feed intake in the feed observation network. 2. Disease prevention measures In the entire breeding process, adhere to the principle of prevention and health management. Internal medicine is regularly fed with garlic mud and cod liver oil. The dosage is 5%, twice a day for 2-3 consecutive days. Disinfectants used for external use disinfectants such as hydantoin, quaternary amine salts, and organic iodine preparations, which are less irritating. In the middle to late stages of development, shrimps exhibit symptoms such as jaundice, red body and muscle necrosis. Water disinfection and sediment quality improvement, such as the application of zeolite powder, dolomite powder and so on.

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