When planting strawberries in the field, covering the surface with a plastic cloth or film not only prevents weeds from occurring, but also keeps water, soil and temperature, and keeps the fruit clean. For a long time, strawberry production has used vegetative propagation to raise seedlings. Plenty of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have been used, resulting in degenerative strawberry species, reduced yield and quality, increased cultivation costs, and outstanding pesticide residues. In response to the above problems, we have conducted research on strawberry virus-free seedlings and pollution-free production matching techniques since 1998. After more than three years of trials and researches, good results have been obtained. The plant disease sensitivity rate has dropped from 30% to 2%, and it has a tendency of continuous budding. The number of effective results per plant is 29, which is 10 more than the control. The proportion of large and medium fruit increased, the average fruit weight increased by 15.3 grams, the yield per mu was 2000 kg, and the fruit-producing season was extended by 1-2 months. The quality of fresh strawberries was significantly improved. At the same time, due to restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the problem of pesticide residues has been solved, and the production cost per mu has decreased by more than 500 yuan. The technical points are summarized below. One, detoxification group to cultivate seedlings 1, take the stems and stems of strawberry stem growth points for the cultivation of materials. 2. Disinfection In the sterile room, first disinfect with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds, then disinfect with 0.1% mercury for 6-8 minutes, and finally rinse 6-8 times with sterile water to fully remove residual mercury. 3. After stripping the stripping material, peel off the outermost layer of the stem tip and then cut a knife at the lobe lobe. Then use an anatomical needle to quickly pick out tiny growth points in the middle of the cross-section, or squeeze the birth directly. Long point. 4. Incubate with MS as the basic medium, add 15-30 g of sugar, 6 g of agar, 0.25-1.0 mg of cytokinin, and 0.0 5-0.1 mg of auxin. Each flask was connected to a single connection material and the process of “induced differentiation→subculture proliferation→induced rooting†was completed under conditions of temperature (242)°C, light intensity 1500-2000 Lux, and illumination time of 12 hours per day. 5. The hardening seedlings must be cultivated before field planting in order to transform the tissue culture seedlings from heterotrophic growth to autotrophic growth. The strawberry seedlings are grown on the rooting medium and the roots are made. When the root length is 0.5 -1 cm, the cap is opened, a small sprayer is used to fill the bottle with a small amount of sterile water, and the bottle or glass covers the bottle mouth to continue Place in the culture room. Move out after 5 days, place on the laboratory window sill, exercise in natural light for 3-4 days, and add water in time. After nurturing robust seedlings with well-developed roots and consistent growth, carefully squeeze the seedlings out of the bottle with tweezers, rinse the roots with tap water, transplant them into the nursery soil, and immediately pour clean water over the seedlings. Wet, then use a bamboo stick arch and cover the film, do not water in 3 days. After 8 days combined with watering, spraying 0.1% urea, after fertilization, watering, weeding, etc. into the conventional management. Seedlings grow to 5 cm and grow into the field. 6, field nursery selection and drainage convenience, soil loose and fertile, leeward sunny section of the establishment of the mother of the park, after hardening the seedlings of tissue culture as the mother plant. In order to ensure that the mother plant has sufficient nutrient area and the space for the extension of the stolon, 3000 plants per acre are planted. It is required to reproduce the second-generation high-quality strawberry seedlings with excellent results, high yield, and good quality for production in Daejeon. 2. Pollution-free cultivation measures 1. Strictly-selected production bases must be far away from cities. There should be no direct sources of industrial or mining pollution (“three wastesâ€) and indirect sources of pollution. The atmosphere, soil, and irrigation water should be tested to meet relevant national standards. 2. Soil preparation: Apply 100 kg of lime to each mus of base fertilizer, deep-dip 40 cm, drip water, and cover the area with a thin membrane to make the ground temperature above 60°C and seal for 60 days. Then, the film was removed and recultivated again to loosen and breathe the soil. At the same time, 5,000 kg of fully-fertilized farmyard fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer were applied, so that the fertilizer and the soil were uniformly mixed. Finally, the ridges were ridged, ridge height 25 cm, ridge width 50 cm, ridge bottom width 90 cm, and ditch spacing 110 cm. 3, timely colonization Every year in mid-September, colonization began, use strong root system, white root and more seedlings, spacing 25 cm, spacing 20 cm. The roots were soaked with naphthaleneacetic acid 5ppm for 2 hours before colonization, and some old leaves and black old roots were cut off. In order to keep the soil moist and cool down, planting and transplanting will pour clean water all the time to make the seedbed wet, then use a small bamboo arch and cover it with a thin film. Four days later the film was opened and normal field management was transferred. 4, a reasonable fertilization 1 before and after flowering fertilizer. The competitive ability of strawberry genital organs for nutrients is weak. Top dressing before and after flowering is an important measure to ensure high quality and high yield. Strawberries averaged 40 days from colonization to flowering. Before flowering (around October 20) and flowering (around November 20), 0.1% urea or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves. 2 results after top dressing. After a large number of results of strawberries, in order to create a good condition for flower bud differentiation, fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. Apply 10 kg of urea and ammonium sulfate, 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 7 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. 5, thinning fruit and fruit strawberries in the four leaves will appear buds, this time all the buds should be sparse. Later, in the process of flowering, the first flower buds with vigorous growth and thick stalks are preserved. When the young fruit is in the green period, the malformed fruit and the disease and fruit must be removed in time. 6, removal of old leaves in the year the strawberry leaves are constantly updated, the old leaves must be removed in time. (7) Integrated control of diseases and pests The main diseases of strawberry include powdery mildew and gray mold. The main insect pests include red spider and aphid. The use of paddy-upland rotations, non-continuous cropping, and soil disinfection can greatly reduce pests and diseases. When the initial stage of powdery mildew was discovered, the diseased leaves were cut off and burned. At the same time, a low-toxicity, low-residue 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution was sprayed at the center and around the affected area. Use Chinese medicine preparation gray mold scattered 800 times liquid control gray mold. The biological pesticide avermectin 3000 times was used to control red spiders and aphids. At the fruit harvest stage, the use of chemical pesticides is prohibited. 8, timely harvest strawberry from flowering to maturity generally takes 25-35 days, when the fresh fruit "three red and white" can be picked when listed, once a day. If there is mud in the rainy days, it should be rinsed in water and then listed.
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