Bao - the crown of the eight treasures in the sea, is a gastropod. There are more than 90 species known throughout the world. There are variegated abalone, abalone, abalone, abalone and abalone. Bao meat is delicate, delicious, and high in nutritional value. Its shell is called "Shi Jueming," and it is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. With the improvement of the people's quality of life, the international market has a huge demand for Bao and the market has broad prospects. Therefore, the artificial breeding of abalone has been rapidly developed in our country. Because of the different natural conditions in different regions, the culture methods developed are not the same. Now we will briefly introduce abalone's main breeding methods and advantages and disadvantages for reference. First, the factory raised Bao 1. Advantage 1 is small in area, convenient for centralized management, rapid growth, and short growth cycle; 2 manual control from seedlings to cultivated goods; 7 water environment is not affected by external factors such as weather and sea conditions, winter warming water is treated It can be recycled; 4 the degree of intensive cultivation is high, the yield per unit area is high, and the benefits are high; 5 the operation and management of feeding, water exchange, observation, and disease prevention are easy. 2. Disadvantage 1 Plant facilities have high investment costs, relatively long payback period, and large management workload; 2 high breeding density, difficulty in water quality monitoring, prone to disease, and 3 high technical requirements for aquaculture technology and disease control technology. This type of farming mode is suitable for units with few sites, high land prices, and places where the site is far away from the sea, and where there are sufficient funds and strong technical forces. Liaoning and Shandong coasts use this method. Second, the harbor raised Bao 1. Advantage 1 Compared with industrialized abalone, it saves the cost of plant construction; 2 The tunnel is warm in winter and cool in summer, providing good conditions for overwintering and crossing over the winter, saving winter heating costs; 3 Due to suitable temperature throughout the year, abalone grows fast, and the growth cycle Long; 4 easy care, good management, high survival rate of Bao; 5 low risk of breeding, not subject to natural conditions (storm, tide). 2. Disadvantages 1 The capacity of the reservoir in the tunnel is small, the water exchange capacity is poor; 2 the water quality is easily deteriorated; 7 the ventilation capacity is poor. The harbor raising abattoir is more suitable for coastal islands and the houses are closer to the excavation. It is easy to move seedlings and the funds are insufficient. The summer season has a higher temperature in the sea area and a lower winter season. In addition, ventilation facilities and equipment for water and electricity should be provided in the tunnel. Third, the shallow-sea bream Bao 1. Advantage 1 can use sea scallops, scallops, strong oysters and other culture trusses, to save investment costs; 2 water exchange conditions are good, dissolved oxygen is sufficient; 2 can save pumping, aeration costs; 4 feeding the food easy to maintain freshness; 5 The management workload is small. 2. Disadvantage 1 Affected by natural conditions such as strong winds and tides, typhoons can easily lead to truss losses; 2 susceptibility to oyster seedlings and glass sea squirts attached to natural sea areas; 2 daily management is affected by severe weather; 4 poor safety performance. This method is applicable to harbors with good sea conditions, no pollution, strong constancy, less adherence of glass sea squirrels, and lesser exposure to algae, and is not affected by typhoons or seawater, and is rich in kelp, wakame, and scallops in the bay. Jiaodong area is used more often. Fourth, the inter-tidal barrier stone conservation Bao 1, advantage 1 make full use of the natural conditions of the intertidal rocky terrain, less investment than eel raising; 2 sources of convenient bait, easy to collect; 5 feeding convenience, easy observation of daily food intake, Growth condition; 4 Suitable for polyculture with sea cucumbers, high yield; 5 Natural drainage and drainage with tidal range. 2. Disadvantage 1 is affected greatly by tides; 2 is susceptible to coastal red tides and typhoons; 3 is susceptible to adhesion of sea squirts, strong maggots, and lime worms; 4 labor intensity at harvest is high and the abalone is vulnerable. This method is suitable for the existence of wild abalone in the intertidal zone, and has an unimpeded flow in the open sea, no large-scale freshwater source injection, no industrial and domestic wastewater discharge, and a sea area rich in scallops, sargassum, wild seaweed and wakame in the rocky area, and is suitable for Shandong. Jiaodong coastal areas. 5. Inter-tidal net beds Advantage 1 This method is similar to the intertidal belt stone retaining the abalone; 2 making full use of abalone ecological habits to create a suitable artificial environment for its survival; 2 feeding convenience, easier daily observation of abalone ingestion, growth, and death; 4 The survival rate of culture is higher than that of stone-retaining abalone, and the growth rate is fast; 3 it is easy to be mixed with sea cucumbers, the labor intensity at the time of harvesting is small, and the abalones are less injured; 6 the bait is not easy to lose, and the utilization rate is high; 7 can fully utilize tidal offsets and drowning water , Province pumping energy consumption, reduce the cost of farming; 8 safety factor higher than the sea bream culture. 2. Disadvantage 1 is susceptible to tides in the sea area; 2 is affected by red tides and typhoons in the offshore areas; 2 nets need to be replaced regularly, and Bao is easily attached by oysters and lime worms. This method is suitable for strips that are similar to the intertidal belt stone. Sixth, subsea cages 1. Advantage 1 Aquaculture environment is closer to natural waters; 2 Water environment is stable, and dissolved oxygen is sufficient; 3 It is not affected by hazardous weather such as red tide, typhoon; 4 Investment cost is much lower than factory culture, and the survival rate of culture is high; Algae, oysters, etc. are attached, and the number of replacement of the nets is small. 2. Disadvantage 1 is more troublesome when fed, and it is easily affected by severe weather. 2After a few years of breeding, the caisson should be relocated, and the aquaculture waters should be replaced to avoid the accumulation of excreta and negative impacts; 2 The management and harvesting are inconvenient. This method is more suitable for the bottom of the seabed rock reefs, the flow of the smooth, more wild-type algae, no domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater pollution of the flat seabed. This way Guangdong. Hainan coast is used more.
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