To ensure the successful cultivation of high-quality straw mats, it is essential to follow a well-structured process that includes seedling care, transplanting, field management, and proper harvesting. Here's a detailed and improved version of the original content:
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**First, Proper Seedling Care**
1. **Select the Right Field**: Choose the "Ningbo Xicao" field, which is ideal for pure seeding due to its excellent soil quality, high yield potential, and convenient irrigation and drainage systems.
2. **Reserve Land Appropriately**: Maintain a suitable ratio between the mat grass field and the reserved area, ideally 1:8 to 1:10, to ensure efficient land use and better growth conditions.
3. **Harvest at the Right Time**: The period for keeping seedlings in the field should be about 7 to 10 days later than the main harvest time. Ten days before the actual harvest, drain the water so the soil becomes firm. Harvest on a sunny evening or cover the seedlings with straw if harvested during the day to protect them from sun damage.
4. **Enhance Seedling Management**:
- Regular weeding is crucial to prevent competition for nutrients.
- Apply top dressing two to three times throughout the seedling stage. Use 250 kg of diluted decomposed human urine per 667 square meters each time.
- Ensure adequate moisture by avoiding drought conditions.
- Monitor and control pests and diseases regularly to maintain healthy growth.
**Second, Effective Transplanting**
Transplanting should occur between mid-October and mid-November. Before planting, prepare the soil thoroughly, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and ensure a level surface. Plant the seedlings closely, with spacing of 20 cm x 30 cm or 23 cm x 30 cm, and plant 5 to 6 seedlings per cutting.
**Third, Field Management**
1. **Fill the Field After Planting**: Within 3 to 4 days after transplanting, fill the field with water to help the roots establish properly.
2. **Cultivate Regularly**: Cultivate the field once or twice, preferably combined with the first topdressing. A second cultivation should be done before and after the Spring Festival to loosen the soil and promote root development.
3. **Water Management**: During the early growth phase (from transplanting to late February), follow the "deep-shallow-deep" watering principle. Initially, keep the water depth at 3–5 cm, then reduce to shallow irrigation as the plants recover their green color. In winter, maintain a deeper water level of 6–7 cm. Two weeks before harvest, increase the water depth to over 7 cm to encourage stem elongation and improve mat quality. This deep watering also helps soften the base of the grass stems, resulting in better color and durability.
4. **Fertilization Strategy**: Apply top dressing four times during the growing season:
- First application: Mix 400–500 kg of manure with 1,500–2,000 kg of ash per 667 square meters.
- Second: Apply 1,000–1,500 kg of diluted human urine per 667 square meters.
- Third: Use 15–20 kg of urea per 667 square meters in late March to early April.
- Fourth: Apply 3–5 kg of urea per 667 square meters in early May when seedlings start to grow.
5. **Pest and Disease Control**: Common pests include mat grass carps, while diseases like sharp blight and sheath blight can occur. Use triazophos or anti-irritability for general pest control, Shike or Lek for blight prevention, and Jinggangmycin for sheath blight.
**Fourth, Harvesting Techniques**
Harvest the grass mats when they are in the small to full-grown stage. Choose a sunny day and ensure the field has more than 10 cm of water. Be careful when cutting the grass, wash it promptly, and shake off any yellow parts. Before planting, sprinkle some ash on the stems to enhance color and quality. Sun-dry the grass evenly, typically for up to two days, to ensure optimal texture and appearance for final processing.
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This comprehensive guide ensures that every step of the process is optimized for high-quality straw mat production, from seedling care to final harvesting.
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