Japan's Sanshui pear's storage freshness

Fengshui, gold and other varieties have been favored by consumers because of their excellent flavor. Therefore, Japan and South Korea, Uygur sand pear, have developed rapidly in China in recent years, and fruit production has also increased significantly year by year. However, these pears have a soft flesh and are vulnerable to damage during transportation, and because of their short harvesting period, poor storage, and excessive sales period, it is difficult to supply the market for a long time. How to store freshness is especially important. Therefore, the author introduced the preservation of Sanshui pear to Japan for your reference. First, harvest maturity and storage: Under normal circumstances, Sanshui pear harvest is too early to have low sugar, hard flesh, poor quality, late harvest, although high sugar, but the meat is low, in addition to signs of decline outside The new fruit surface became dark, but fortunately the fruit spots turned black, and Feng Shui was prone to heart disease. Pear fruit sold immediately after harvest, with a color map card to observe the peel background color, fresh water is 3 (reddish), fortunate water is 3-4 (yellow), Fengshui is 4 (brown) is good, if For storage for one month, it is good to be 2-3. In addition, if calcium is insufficient in cultivation, naringhosper fruit and pistachio fruit are liable to occur, and in the absence of boron, deformation, cracking, shrinking, pulp cracking, and the like occur. If there is a climate such as low temperature and drought, there will be more medicated diseases in the fruit. Such pome fruits have a very low commodity value when they are harvested. Therefore, they must be paid attention to during transport and storage. Second, the pre-cooling method: Sanshui pear general sales form is wrapped with wrapping paper or nested into the net sleeve, filled in two layers of corrugated cardboard boxes, but after arriving at the market can often see the fruit surface has been damaged. If these pears are at temperatures above 20°C, the quality of the pears will deteriorate in a few days, but if pre-cooled, the storage properties will be improved. According to the data, fortunately at room temperature (30°C), the hardness is below 4kg after 5 days, and the flesh has signs of decline. When stored at 7°C, the hardness changes slowly at room temperature thereafter, and can be maintained at 4kg even after 5 days. Even pre-cooling at 15°C is prolonged by 1-3 days than without pre-cooling. Pears packed in corrugated cartons are difficult to cool, so they must be perforated in the carton to allow easy access to cool air. Pre-cooling is better in the container. Pears harvested, if subjected to reduced pressure treatment or carbon dioxide shock treatment prior to sale, will inhibit freshness reduction. The pears treated with carbon dioxide shock have a green skin and a good taste. The treated carbon dioxide concentration is preferably 20%. If it reaches 40%, the effect is reasonable and the treatment time is preferably 72 hours. Third, the short-term storage: As Sanshui pears when the temperature is high, so even short-term storage must be stored in the cold storage. Sanshui pear has the best storage quality with abundant water, but the water and fresh water decrease in turn, and this order does not change under refrigerated conditions. Stored at 0°C, its quality can be maintained for 1 month. The storage method is to first lay a 0.05 mm polyethylene film in a corrugated paper box, put a pear on it, then fold the film to wrap the pears, seal the cartons, and store them at 0°C. If the actual coloration is uneven, the color difference after storage is more uneven due to the difference in storage properties. When you leave the warehouse, do not contact the outside world with your storage. Gradually adapt it to the outside temperature (move out of storage). Fourth, long-term storage: As a non-temporary storage for the adjustment of the sale period, the quality of the long-term storage of goulash pear and Feng Shui pear has changed, including peel color fade, red color increase, background color is slightly clear, acid content is slightly reduced, etc. In addition, the hardness of Fengshui pear tends to decrease. 1. Storage temperature. The sugar content of pears varies from 10% to 13% depending on the variety. The freezing point with high sugar content is low, and the fruit will not freeze even if it falls below 0°C. The temperature zone around the center of -1°C, which is generally close to freezing, is called the "ice temperature" zone. It does not freeze at ice temperature, and it only limits fruit production and respiration. This reduces the amount of respiration by 40% to 70% when the temperature is below 0°C than at 1°C. Since the exact hypothermia disorder of Sanshui pear is particularly difficult to recognize, it is preferable to use a low temperature as much as possible in order to suppress the consumption of the content of the fruit during storage and maintain the firmness of the fruit. However, the central temperature set in an ordinary cold storehouse often has an imbalance of 1-2°C, so it is very difficult to strictly maintain the temperature inside the ice in the ice. Therefore, taking into account the risk of freezing, set the temperature or 0 °C is appropriate. 2. Packaging method. During storage, the plastic film with simple CA effect is used for packaging while preventing withering. The material is hermetically packaged with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03-0.04 mm and a special airtight carton box. However, Japanese pears are the fruits of iron being damaged by carbon dioxide accumulation. In the 20th century in the 20th century, the tolerance was 3% to 4%. Sanoshui's carbon dioxide accumulation at 2% to 3% resulted in internal browning and other obstacles. It is the fruit that Xinshui, Xingshui, etc. harvested during the high temperature in summer. Because of the large amount of respiration, carbon dioxide is easily accumulated in the package. Therefore, it is very important to give the fruit a pre-cooling at a high temperature and then reduce the product temperature before packaging. 3. Preservatives. During long-term storage, the organic combination of packaging and preservatives can better maintain quality. Preservatives have the effect of removing ethylene and deodorizing. For example, fortunately, the fruits that produce a little more ethylene can be used to remove the accumulated ethylene in the package, which is effective in maintaining the hardness of the fruit. It can also prevent the fruit from sticking and staining. taste". 4. Storage time. Strict low-temperature management (such as ice temperature) and plastic film packaging and preservative organic combination storage, according to the quality of the cultivation year, fortunate water can be stored until the end of December, Feng Shui can be stored until the end of January-February. 5.CA storage. This method is a method for long-term storage of Japanese pears and obtaining the best quality, but requires a special CA storage library and cannot be simply implemented. The method was to set a CA storage at 0°C, sealed the pears after they were put into storage, and introduced an adjusting gas with an oxygen concentration of 3% and an N2 concentration of 97% from outside the reservoir. The carbon dioxide that is produced by the respiration is accumulated in the storehouse and is easily brown in the heart. Therefore, the carbon dioxide is removed, and the peel color, meat quality, and taste are excellent. The storage period can reach 6 months or more.

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