First, when transplanting trees with a soil ball, the root system remains intact and is not exposed or minimally exposed. This method ensures a higher survival rate after planting due to the larger root mass retained. However, it is heavier and more labor-intensive in terms of packing, handling, and excavation. For evergreen conifers and valuable hardwoods, it is essential to preserve the original soil ball to guarantee the seedlings' survival.
Second, the frozen soil ball transplantation method is used during periods when the soil is already frozen. In this case, there's no need for packaging—frozen rivers or water can be used to freeze the ground, making it easier to move the trees using human or animal power. This technique allows for utilizing winter downtime, reduces packaging costs, and lowers transportation challenges. Historically, in ancient China, trees were transplanted to the northern imperial palaces in Wanzhong using this method.
In regions where native tree species are cold-tolerant, especially those with strong root systems, it's advisable to prepare the soil before freezing. Moistening the soil before it freezes helps maintain its structure. When temperatures drop to -12 to -15°C and the soil is frozen to a depth of about 20 cm, the earth balls can be dug using specialized tools like horned owls. The lower part of the soil may still be unfrozen, so the trees can be stored in pits for 2–3 days without being pre-watered. If the soil isn't dry or frozen, it can be sprayed with water to help it freeze.
In areas with deep frost, to make excavation easier, it’s best to dig in advance without allowing the soil to freeze too deeply. Keep the soil moist but not wet. If a tree is dug up but not immediately transplanted, cover the roots with straw and fallen leaves to protect them from sun exposure or cold winds. When transporting, ensure the river is fully frozen. On land, level the muddy areas beforehand and choose times to splash or freeze water, or use water at night to create ice, which reduces friction and makes transport smoother.
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