Astragalus is a demersal fish that is a long cylindrical body and camp burrowing life. It is widely distributed in shallow water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches, and paddy fields. It hides in caves in the bottom of water during the day and feeds at night. Huang Xixi lives in still water and micro-flowing water. Its suitable growth temperature is 15-28°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 22-25°C. When the temperature of the water drops below 10°C or rises above 30°C, feeding is stopped, and it is drilled into the cave for winter or summer.
Astragalus is the bottom carnivorous fish, eating a large amount, bulimia, daily food intake accounted for about 1/7 of its weight; also can endure hunger, a long time without food will not die, but weight loss. Astragalus membranaceus uses various small aquatic animals as its main food, prefers rotifers, horny worms, copepods, leeches, insect larvae, and artificially-fed terrestrial larvae, cocoons, fly maggots, etc., as well as small frogs and small frogs. Fish, shrimp and clams. In the event of lack of animal feed, some plant foods such as duckweed, melon, vegetable crumbs, etc. are also ingested.
When there is a lack of feed, there are similar disequilibrium phenomena in the jaundice. Therefore, different specifications of the seedlings must be strictly kept in separate ponds and avoid polyculture. At the same time, Astragalus has a strict selectivity for food. Once it is adapted to a certain food, it will be difficult to change its food habits. Therefore, in the process of seedling cultivation, it is necessary to do bait domestication work, try to feed a wide range of sources, low prices, Mixed bait with high meat percentage. At present, astragalus aquaculture has become more common, but in the breeding process, the individual mortality rate is high, the growth rate is slow, and the yield is low. The author encountered several problems in the cultivation of astragalus membranaceus for technical consultation and guidance during the internship process. Important technical measures are summarized.
1. There are two seed sources for the selection of seedlings for the breeding of Astragalus: artificial propagation and field collection. Regardless of the source, attention should be paid to distinguishing the type of seed.
1.1 Good seedlings: The seedlings are yellow or slightly golden yellow, and there are dark brown spots mixed with them. This seedling grows fast and has a meat-folding multiplier of 5 to 6 times. It is most suitable for professional breeding or carrying out Single care.
1.2 Middle seedlings: The seedlings are yellow-green, with small spots. The growth rate is normal and the meat-folding ratio can reach 3 to 4 times. It is more suitable for ordinary breeding, but the yield is better when it is cultivated professionally or cultivated. Is low.
1.3 Inferior seedlings: The seedlings are gray or blue-gray, and the mottling is not obvious. The growth rate is relatively slow, and the meat multiplication ratio is only 1 to 2 times. It is only suitable for the polyculture of comprehensive utilization in rural families.
2 Water quality Yellow quail is a carnivorous fish and prefers to live in still water or microfluidic water bodies with relatively clean water, a pH of 7.6 to 8.5, and a certain silt layer at the bottom of the pool. Therefore, the rearing ponds, especially the breeding ponds, need to constantly change the water, and generally change the water every 4 days or so. When the high temperature is high in summer, the water should be changed once every 2 days. The amount of water changed depends on the water quality. Each time the pool water is changed, 1 / 3 ~ 1/2; microfluidic water conservation ponds do not need to change the water, but the flow rate should be controlled within 0.2m / s. At the same time, it should be noted that the difference between the temperature of the incoming water and the temperature of the pool water should not exceed 3°C.
It can be seen that the culture of Astragalus has relatively strict requirements on water quality. Therefore, areas that belong to acidic soils, fertilizers, or ponds with corrupted water quality are not suitable for raising fish. Moreover, the astragalus is not susceptible to disease, but breeding under such water conditions can easily induce fish disease, and when it is severe, it can cause large-scale deaths.
3 feeding and tame feeding Because of the habit of jaundice with similar disability, and the food is strictly selective, therefore, in the process of astragalus breeding, we must pay attention to the same pool to put more standard seedlings, but also pay attention to feeding A sufficient amount of bait, and timely tame work.
3.1 Feeding amount and feeding method: The daily food intake of Astragalus accounts for about 1/7 of its body weight. Fixed-point and full-quantity feeding will help develop the habit of feeding Astragalus striata. In the first two days after the seedlings are transferred to the cultivation pond, they should be used to feed the clams; on the third day, the live bait should be fed. The amount of daily feeding is about 10 to 15% of the stocking weight, divided into 4 to 5 feedings; about half a month later, when the seedling body is about 30mm long, the daily feeding amount is reduced to 8 to 10 of the stocking weight. %, divided into two feedings; half a month later, when the body length of the seedlings reaches 50-55mm, the daily feeding amount is reduced to 6-8% of the stocking weight, and it is also fed twice. It can also be added. 2 to 3% of the bait to promote the growth of seedlings.
3.2 Taming: Generally, the domestication work should be started on the third day when the seedlings enter the pond, that is, the economical and easily-available bait mixes such as terrestrial earthworms, fly maggots, wheat bran, rice and vegetable crumbs are added to the main bait. Feeding. The method is: The amount of tamed food that is fed on the first day is 1-2% of the stocking weight, and the feed amount of the main food is correspondingly reduced. The next day, check the feeding conditions of the seedlings. If they have finished eating, they can increase the amount of bait eaten to 2 to 3%; if they are not finished, remove the bait and maintain the amount of feed of 1 to 2% or appropriate. Reduce the amount of feeding.
According to this, successive increase of 1% or so, until the tamed food completely replaces the original main bait and normal feeding, but also can be economic, easy to get all kinds of Other baits, such as silkworm cocoons, animal organs, blood meal, fish meal, cakes, melons Fruits, etc. are mixed and fed in places or units where conditions permit, and it is advisable to replenish them with food. When they are bred again, they can replace about 20% of the original feed at the beginning. If feeding is normal, then gradually increase the feeding amount by 20%. After 5 days, you can change all of these bait feeds. If the food is not normal, remove the bait and reduce the feeding of the bait. If you are still unable to feed normally, stop feeding.
Because the astragalus has a strict selectivity for food, it cannot change its diet after it is adapted to a certain food. Therefore, it is very important to carry out multiple, broad-spectrum tame-feeding work during the seed breeding.
4 to prevent the pool of Astragalus intertwined Astragalus long cylindrical body type, in the artificial breeding conditions, often cluster feeding, prone to intertwined, and more tightly wrapped around, resulting in its death due to physical exhaustion. At present, a more effective solution is to mix a small amount of loach in Dianchi Lake. Loach is the omnivorous fish at the bottom. It is the same as the feeding time of Astragalus membranaceus. It also feeds at night. Therefore, during the yellow feeding, the loach swiftly jumps, which helps to prevent the jaundice from intertwining, and it also helps to make full use of the residual bait. In general, the amount of muddy stocks in Dianchi Lake is preferably 1 to 2 bars/m2. Too much will not only affect the astragalus feeding, but also eat with the astragalus; too little will not play much role.
5 Summary In the breeding process of Astragalus membranaceus, the mortality rate is often higher due to the above-mentioned reasons, or the breeding habits are unsuccessful. We believe that the above-mentioned problems related to the selection of seedlings, water quality control, domestication, and mud loach are four issues. The important technical measures to ensure the success of nourishment. Of course, other types such as breeding ponds must be built to create a "factory" shape to prevent escape, and seedlings with irregular specifications should be raised in separate ponds.
Astragalus is the bottom carnivorous fish, eating a large amount, bulimia, daily food intake accounted for about 1/7 of its weight; also can endure hunger, a long time without food will not die, but weight loss. Astragalus membranaceus uses various small aquatic animals as its main food, prefers rotifers, horny worms, copepods, leeches, insect larvae, and artificially-fed terrestrial larvae, cocoons, fly maggots, etc., as well as small frogs and small frogs. Fish, shrimp and clams. In the event of lack of animal feed, some plant foods such as duckweed, melon, vegetable crumbs, etc. are also ingested.
When there is a lack of feed, there are similar disequilibrium phenomena in the jaundice. Therefore, different specifications of the seedlings must be strictly kept in separate ponds and avoid polyculture. At the same time, Astragalus has a strict selectivity for food. Once it is adapted to a certain food, it will be difficult to change its food habits. Therefore, in the process of seedling cultivation, it is necessary to do bait domestication work, try to feed a wide range of sources, low prices, Mixed bait with high meat percentage. At present, astragalus aquaculture has become more common, but in the breeding process, the individual mortality rate is high, the growth rate is slow, and the yield is low. The author encountered several problems in the cultivation of astragalus membranaceus for technical consultation and guidance during the internship process. Important technical measures are summarized.
1. There are two seed sources for the selection of seedlings for the breeding of Astragalus: artificial propagation and field collection. Regardless of the source, attention should be paid to distinguishing the type of seed.
1.1 Good seedlings: The seedlings are yellow or slightly golden yellow, and there are dark brown spots mixed with them. This seedling grows fast and has a meat-folding multiplier of 5 to 6 times. It is most suitable for professional breeding or carrying out Single care.
1.2 Middle seedlings: The seedlings are yellow-green, with small spots. The growth rate is normal and the meat-folding ratio can reach 3 to 4 times. It is more suitable for ordinary breeding, but the yield is better when it is cultivated professionally or cultivated. Is low.
1.3 Inferior seedlings: The seedlings are gray or blue-gray, and the mottling is not obvious. The growth rate is relatively slow, and the meat multiplication ratio is only 1 to 2 times. It is only suitable for the polyculture of comprehensive utilization in rural families.
2 Water quality Yellow quail is a carnivorous fish and prefers to live in still water or microfluidic water bodies with relatively clean water, a pH of 7.6 to 8.5, and a certain silt layer at the bottom of the pool. Therefore, the rearing ponds, especially the breeding ponds, need to constantly change the water, and generally change the water every 4 days or so. When the high temperature is high in summer, the water should be changed once every 2 days. The amount of water changed depends on the water quality. Each time the pool water is changed, 1 / 3 ~ 1/2; microfluidic water conservation ponds do not need to change the water, but the flow rate should be controlled within 0.2m / s. At the same time, it should be noted that the difference between the temperature of the incoming water and the temperature of the pool water should not exceed 3°C.
It can be seen that the culture of Astragalus has relatively strict requirements on water quality. Therefore, areas that belong to acidic soils, fertilizers, or ponds with corrupted water quality are not suitable for raising fish. Moreover, the astragalus is not susceptible to disease, but breeding under such water conditions can easily induce fish disease, and when it is severe, it can cause large-scale deaths.
3 feeding and tame feeding Because of the habit of jaundice with similar disability, and the food is strictly selective, therefore, in the process of astragalus breeding, we must pay attention to the same pool to put more standard seedlings, but also pay attention to feeding A sufficient amount of bait, and timely tame work.
3.1 Feeding amount and feeding method: The daily food intake of Astragalus accounts for about 1/7 of its body weight. Fixed-point and full-quantity feeding will help develop the habit of feeding Astragalus striata. In the first two days after the seedlings are transferred to the cultivation pond, they should be used to feed the clams; on the third day, the live bait should be fed. The amount of daily feeding is about 10 to 15% of the stocking weight, divided into 4 to 5 feedings; about half a month later, when the seedling body is about 30mm long, the daily feeding amount is reduced to 8 to 10 of the stocking weight. %, divided into two feedings; half a month later, when the body length of the seedlings reaches 50-55mm, the daily feeding amount is reduced to 6-8% of the stocking weight, and it is also fed twice. It can also be added. 2 to 3% of the bait to promote the growth of seedlings.
3.2 Taming: Generally, the domestication work should be started on the third day when the seedlings enter the pond, that is, the economical and easily-available bait mixes such as terrestrial earthworms, fly maggots, wheat bran, rice and vegetable crumbs are added to the main bait. Feeding. The method is: The amount of tamed food that is fed on the first day is 1-2% of the stocking weight, and the feed amount of the main food is correspondingly reduced. The next day, check the feeding conditions of the seedlings. If they have finished eating, they can increase the amount of bait eaten to 2 to 3%; if they are not finished, remove the bait and maintain the amount of feed of 1 to 2% or appropriate. Reduce the amount of feeding.
According to this, successive increase of 1% or so, until the tamed food completely replaces the original main bait and normal feeding, but also can be economic, easy to get all kinds of Other baits, such as silkworm cocoons, animal organs, blood meal, fish meal, cakes, melons Fruits, etc. are mixed and fed in places or units where conditions permit, and it is advisable to replenish them with food. When they are bred again, they can replace about 20% of the original feed at the beginning. If feeding is normal, then gradually increase the feeding amount by 20%. After 5 days, you can change all of these bait feeds. If the food is not normal, remove the bait and reduce the feeding of the bait. If you are still unable to feed normally, stop feeding.
Because the astragalus has a strict selectivity for food, it cannot change its diet after it is adapted to a certain food. Therefore, it is very important to carry out multiple, broad-spectrum tame-feeding work during the seed breeding.
4 to prevent the pool of Astragalus intertwined Astragalus long cylindrical body type, in the artificial breeding conditions, often cluster feeding, prone to intertwined, and more tightly wrapped around, resulting in its death due to physical exhaustion. At present, a more effective solution is to mix a small amount of loach in Dianchi Lake. Loach is the omnivorous fish at the bottom. It is the same as the feeding time of Astragalus membranaceus. It also feeds at night. Therefore, during the yellow feeding, the loach swiftly jumps, which helps to prevent the jaundice from intertwining, and it also helps to make full use of the residual bait. In general, the amount of muddy stocks in Dianchi Lake is preferably 1 to 2 bars/m2. Too much will not only affect the astragalus feeding, but also eat with the astragalus; too little will not play much role.
5 Summary In the breeding process of Astragalus membranaceus, the mortality rate is often higher due to the above-mentioned reasons, or the breeding habits are unsuccessful. We believe that the above-mentioned problems related to the selection of seedlings, water quality control, domestication, and mud loach are four issues. The important technical measures to ensure the success of nourishment. Of course, other types such as breeding ponds must be built to create a "factory" shape to prevent escape, and seedlings with irregular specifications should be raised in separate ponds.
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