This standard contains basic requirements for products covering a broad range of UL regulations.
These requirements are based on sound engineering principles, research and test conclusions, and field experience, and are based on the opinions of manufacturers, users, inspection agencies, and other organizations or individuals with professional experience.
A. Compliance with the requirements of this standard is a basic condition that manufacturers should have when manufacturing products.
B. The product can only meet the requirements of this standard in writing and is not sufficient to determine that it meets this standard. For example, when testing and testing, it is found that other characteristics do not meet the safety level requirements of this standard.
C. The material or structure used in the product is inconsistent with the technical requirements of this standard and cannot be considered to comply with this standard. If the material used in the product is formed by using a structure different from the one listed in this standard; but the performance can meet the requirements of the standard, it may be concluded that this standard is met.
D.UL does not undertake to be responsible for the customer's products when implementing the customer's safety testing requirements. UL only provides a professional judgment for the product based on some actual safety restrictions and requirements considered at the current level. UL is not responsible for the hazards caused by the product.
E. Many of the tests in this standard must have adequate personal and property safety precautions due to their inherent hazards.
Introduction
1. Field
1.1 These requirements include one (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries.
These batteries include metallic Li or Li alloys, or Li ions, as well as single-core, two or more multi-core serial / parallel configurations.
1.2 These requirements include technician-replaceable and user-replaceable applications.
1.3 The purpose of these requirements is to reduce the risk of a lithium battery catching or exploding when used in a product. Whether these batteries are acceptable or not depends on their ability to meet the requirements of the complete product being applied.
1.4 These requirements also tend to reduce the personal injury caused by the user's replacement Li battery due to fire or explosion.
1.5 The claims cover the amount of Li-containing ≤5g technician interchangeable lithium battery, lithium battery is greater than for the Li-containing 5g, even to meet the provisions subject to further testing and inspection in order to determine whether the application.
1.6 The claims cover ≤4g containing metal lithium and each cell type lithium battery containing the user to replace the lithium metal ≤1g. The amount of lithium metal in the battery > 4g or the amount of lithium metal per cell > 1g is required to be further tested and verified to determine the practical application.
1.7 This requirement does not include the toxic hazards caused by the ingestion of lithium batteries and their components , nor the damage caused to humans when the battery is cut.
1.8 When certain characteristics, characteristics or parts, materials or the whole system of the product are different from those required by this standard, as long as it contains fire, electric shock and damage to people, it should be carried out with appropriate additional parts and end product requirements. Evaluate to ensure an acceptable level of safety.
2. Overview
2.1 Measurement General
2.1.1 If there is another value in parentheses after a measured value, the second value may only be an approximate value, and * values ​​are the required values.
2.2 Terminology
Both "Lithium battery(ies)" and "batter(ies)" contain a user-replaceable lithium battery that can be replaced by a technician.
3. General
3.1 The definition of some terms in this standard
3.2 Battery- ( 1 ) Single core or ( 2 ) A set of cells in series / parallel.
3.3 Battery, Primary- discharge only once and can not be rechargeable.
3.4 Battery , Secondary - A battery that can discharge and charge many times.
3.5 Battery , technician-replaceable- Battery used in terminal products, battery service and replacement can only be serviced and repaired by professionally trained technicians.
3.6 Battery , User-replaceable - The battery that the user can replace with the battery.
3.7 Cell - A single electrochemical cell containing positive and negative electrodes.
3.8 Charged, fully - The capacity of the battery is fully charged and stored in the battery.
3.9 Component, current-limity Current limiting measures for any part under abnormal conditions. Current limiting parts include resistors, fuses or hot-cut parts.
3.10 Current, Abnormal charged Charges the disposable cell or battery in the wrong condition.
3.11 Discharged, Forced will discharge the battery in series with the external power supply for the purpose of making the battery zui end reverse polarity.
3.12 Discharged, Fully When a 100Ω resistor is connected and the short-circuit current is reduced to less than 1mA, the battery closed loop voltage is less than 0.2V and the battery is considered to be fully discharged.
3.13 Discharged, HALF - Half of the battery's standard capacity has been released from a full battery.
3.14 Explosion - A situation where the cell or battery component is forcibly opened and the cell or battery case is torn or split into two or more pieces.
3.15 Material, Toxic - A toxic industrial product that is rated in the sax Industrial Materials Hazard Performance Reference Manual.
3.16 Temperature - approximately 23 ° C ( 73 ° F )
3.17 Venting - The electrolyte of the battery or cell leaks from the designed valve or sealing mechanism in liquid, drip or steam.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Structure / composition
4. General
4.1 housing
The lithium battery case should have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the excessive pressure without causing a fire. User-replaceable lithium batteries should be strong enough not to injure people.
4.2 electrolyte
4.2.1 The user-replaceable battery shall not contain pressurized vapor or toxic vapors and liquids that may cause damage to the eyes , or the toxic liquid leaking from the battery case under normal laboratory conditions at 23 °C should be less than 5 ml .
4.3 use
4.3.1 Lithium batteries should take measures to avoid abnormal charging current during use. The tested batteries have an acceptable charging current Ic (see 18.1 ) . Under abnormal conditions, protective measures should be taken in the terminal products:
a. Two blocking parts, such as diodes
b. A blocking part and a current limiting part, such as a resistor or fuse, the current limiting device should limit the charging current to 1/3 (abnormal charging test value).
Exception 1 : When the terminal product is applied, the battery circuit does not require charging protection. In this case, the battery will not be subjected to charging current.
Exception 2 : The battery has been tested without risk of explosion.
Exception 3 : Rechargeable batteries require only one current limiting component, not one blocking component.
Performance
5. General
5.1 technician replacement battery
5.1.1 technician should replace the lithium battery according to claim 10-19 test section, section 11B (forced discharge test) only for batteries used in the battery pack case, the multi-cell installation, see 5.3.1, at 10 Section short-circuit test requires that no fire or explosion should occur , and 14A section impact test , 15 section micro-vibration test, 18B section thermal cycle test or 18C section height-sensing test should not cause fire or explosion. In addition, the cell or battery case temperature should not exceed 150 °C ( 302 °F ) during the short circuit test .
Cells or batteries that may explode or explode in the 11A section of the abnormal charging test, the 12- section compression test, the 13- section impact test, or the 18A heat test shall be strictly limited and shall not be used in an environment that may cause a fire to explode. The battery and battery are subjected to 14A impact test, 15th vibration test, 18B thermal cycle test and 18C high-sensitivity test. The leakage of these test batteries shall meet the loss standard of Table 5.1 :
Table 5.1 Standard for leakage or leakage quality loss
Mass or battery quality zui mass loss
Not more than 1g 0.5 %
1 to 5g 0.2 %
> 5g 0.1 %
5.2 user replaced battery
5.2.1 User replaceable batteries are tested in accordance with Sections 10-19 . The 11B forced discharge test is only suitable for multi-cell applications. In addition to meeting the requirements of the technician's replaceable batteries or batteries, the consumer (user) replaceable battery or battery should not explode or ignite when subjected to a 12- section compression (compression) test and a 13- section impact test.
5.2.2 In accordance with Section 19.2 Combustion Test, Section 19.3 Jet Test, Table 6.2 Only one of the 5 specimens in each group does not meet the requirements, and another set of 5 specimens shall be tested. The 5 of the second group shall be tested. The sample should meet the requirements.
5.3 multi-cell installation
5.3.1 If the technician replaces or replaces the battery , it should be tested in Section 10.3 and 11B if it is used in multi-cell installation or battery pack. After the test, it should not be fired or exploded. The other 10.3 test also requires the battery to meet the requirements of 5.1.1 , 5.2.1 and 10 short-circuit test.
6. Sample
6.1 primary battery (omitted)
6.2 The new secondary battery or battery and the secondary battery or battery after the charge and discharge cycle shall be tested according to the requirements of Section 10-19 . The number of test samples is shown in Table 6.2 . See Table 6.4 for the number of user-replaceable secondary cells and battery test samples . When a group of cells or batteries of different sizes are fabricated using approximate electrochemical principles, a representative size can be selected for testing.
　 Table 6.1 Number of technicians replacing primary battery test (omitted)
　 Table 6.2 Number of technician replacement secondary battery test
Test project new charge / discharge cycle
Electrical performance test
Short circuit at room temperature a, c 5 5
Short circuit at 60 °C (140 °F) 5 5
Abnormal charging 5 5
Discharge b 5 5
Mechanical test
Squeeze c 5 5
Impact 5 5
Acceleration 5 5
Vibration 5 5
Environmental test
Heating 5 5
Thermal cycle 5 5
High altitude simulation 5 5
　 a. Serial / parallel application see section 10.3
　 b. For serial applications see section 11B.2
　 c. The test sample is in a fully charged state.
Table 6.3 User replaceable primary battery test quantity (omitted)
Table 6.4 Number of samples for user-replaceable secondary lithium battery test
Test project new charge / discharge cycle
Combustion test 5 5
Spray test 5 5
User replaceable secondary battery test items are the same as Table 6.2
7. Sample conditions
7.1 Hot box exposure
　　 This section was deleted in June 24, 1999
7.2 Thermal cycle test
　　 See this section 18B of this standard in 1999 after the June 24 date adjustment
7.3 discharge (primary battery) (omitted)
7.4 charge and discharge cycle
7.4.1 Secondary cell test temperature 25 °C , the cell is continuously cycled according to the manufacturer's requirements, and the cycle is terminated when the capacity is 25 % of the initial nominal capacity or 90 days of continuous cycle . The cycle can be done separately or in the whole group. Recharge before testing as shown in Table 6.2 and Table 6.4 .
8. Important test considerations
　 8.1 Some lithium batteries may explode when tested in accordance with Sections 10-19 . Individuals must be protected from flying debris, sudden release of heat from bursting forces, and explosion noise. The test area should be well ventilated.
　 8.2 When testing in accordance with Sections 10 , 13 , and 17 , the temperature of the battery case shall be tested. When the temperature of the outer surface of the battery exceeds 90 °C , all participants shall not be able to touch the outer surface.
8.3 For safety reasons, the 19.3 section of the shot test shall be carried out in a space separate from the observer when the combustion (bake) test is carried out in section 19.2 .
9. Temperature measurement
9.1 Thermocouple wire area ≤0.21mm2 , ≥0.05mm2 , and with thermoelectric potential measuring equipment
9.2 Thermocouple should be in close contact with the surface of the battery case during measurement
　　　　　　　　　　 Technician Replacement and User Replacement Battery Test
Electrical performance test
10. Short circuit test
Each test sample was positive 10.1 cells, using negative resistance <0.1Ω Cu wire shorted, battery discharge until the fire or explosion, or until the battery is fully discharged, the casing was lowered to room temperature again stopped.
10.2 The test is carried out at room temperature and 60±2 °C . The battery is stabilized at room temperature or 60±2 °C and then shorted.
10.3 Unless the manufacturer indicates that it is connected in series or in parallel, the battery shall be tested separately. For series or parallel applications, the other five sets of batteries need to be tested, and the large number of batteries used is determined according to the number of series / parallel used .
10.4 When there is an overcurrent or thermal protection device in the battery and it has passed UL certification, the battery should be tested under the condition that the protection device is not opened, and the unprotected protective device must be shorted.
10.5 The sample shall not ignite or explode, and the temperature of the outer casing or battery case shall not exceed 150 °C .
11. Heat test see 18A
11A abnormal charging test
　 11A.1 Test the battery after discharging it according to the manufacturer's capacity
11A.2 Each battery sample is subjected to a charging current of 3 times the manufacturer's normally specified charging current, and the battery is connected to a DC power source. The special charging current is obtained by connecting a resistor of a special size and size in series. The test time is calculated by the following formula:
Tc=2.5C/3Ic
　　 Tc— charging time ( h ); C— capacity ( Ah ); Ic— the charging current generally specified by the manufacturer ( A )
　　 The zui test time should be 48h , which does not require the initial charge current to be maintained for 48h .
11A.3 When the battery is certified to have an overcurrent or thermal protection device, the battery is tested under conditions that do not cause the protective device to function. Uncertified protective devices shall be tested after shorting.
11A.4 sample should not ignite and not explode
11B forced discharge test
11B.1 This test is suitable for applications with multi-cell combination applications, such as battery packs.
11B.2 A fully discharged battery cell is forcibly connected in series with a new battery of the same type. The number of new cells in series = the large number of zui in series application -1 . Five cells were tested after complete discharge at room temperature.
11B.3 When the fully discharged cell is connected in series with a specific number of new cells, the formed battery pack is subjected to a short circuit test.
11B.4 The positive and negative terminals are connected to the Cu wire with a resistance of less than 0.1 Ω . The battery is discharged until it catches fire or explodes, or the test is terminated until the temperature of the battery case drops back to near room temperature.
11B.5 If the over-current and thermal protection devices that have been certified by the safety standard have reacted during the test, the test shall be carried out under the large load of zui which does not cause the protection device to function. If there is no approved protection device, it shall be short-circuited.
11B.6 sample should not ignite or explode
Mechanical test
12. Compression Test (Crush Test)
12.1 The battery is compressed between two flat surfaces. The compressive force is applied by a hydraulic piston with a diameter of 32 mm . The compression continues until the pressure reaches 17.2 MPa , the applied pressure is 13 KN , and the pressure is released when the large pressure is reached.
12.2 When a cylindrical or square battery is pressed, its long axis is parallel to the plane of the hydraulic device. 90 ℃ rectangular battery should turn in the longitudinal direction, in order to bring the broad side and the narrow side are under compression, each sample was subjected to only compressive force cell one direction, independent of each test battery.
12.3 The button battery is pressed in the plane direction.
12.4 The sample does not ignite or explode.
13. Impact test (Impact), Bell's BE-5066 fully meets the standards, the first production in the country
13.1 Test sample The battery was placed on a flat surface, a rod with a diameter of 15.8 mm was placed in the center of the sample, and a weight of 9.1 kg was dropped from the height of 610 mm onto the sample.
13.2 When a cylindrical or prismatic battery is impacted, its long axis shall be parallel to the plane and perpendicular to the curved surface of the 15.8- diameter rod placed at the center of the specimen . The square battery should be rotated 90 degrees along the long axis so that both the wide side and the narrow side are subjected to impact. Each sample cell is subjected to only one direction of impact, and each test uses a separate sample.
13.3 The button cell plane is parallel to the plane, and the 15.8mm rod's surface is at its center.
13.4 The sample shall not ignite or explode.
14. Moist test. (delete)
14.A Shock Test (acceleration test)
　　 Article in June 2000 after 26 ENTRY INTO FORCE
14.A.1 batteries are placed on the fixture and each surface should be fixed. Each cell shall withstand three equal-sized accelerations, each accelerating in three mutually perpendicular directions, unless the cell shape has only two directions, and each vibration acceleration direction shall be perpendicular to the surface of the cell. Acceleration requirements: The initial average acceleration of Zui should reach 75g (g- gravity acceleration ) within the initial 3ms . The peak acceleration is between 125 and 175g . The test temperature is 20 ± 5 °C .
14.A.2 The sample shall not ignite or explode, and the sample shall not leak.
15. Vibration test (Vibration Test)
15.1 The battery is subjected to a simple tuning vibration with an amplitude of 0.8 mm .
15.2 oscillation frequency at a rate of 1Hz / min varies within the range of 10-55Hz, restored back in 90-100min, battery vibration along three mutually perpendicular directions, for axially only two batteries, each battery should be perpendicular to the direction Direction test of the axes.
15.3 The sample shall not ignite, explode or leak.
Environmental test
16A heating test
The 16A.1 sample was heated in a natural convection or forced convection oven. The oven temperature was ramped to 150 °C at 5 ± 2 °C / min and stopped for 10 min .
16A.2 sample should not ignite or explode
16B thermal cycle test
The 16B.1 battery is placed in the test chamber and subjected to the following cycles:
a) Warm up to 70±3 °C in 30min and keep warm for 4h .
b) Cool down to 20±3 °C within 30min and keep warm for 2h .
c) Warm up to 40±3 °C in 30min and keep warm for 4h .
d) Cool down to 20 ± 3 °C within 30 min .
e) Repeat the above cycle 9 times.
f) After 10 cycles, the battery is placed for 7 days for inspection.
16B.2 The sample shall not ignite, explode or leak.
16C low pressure (high altitude simulation) experiment
The 16C.1 sample cell was stored for 6 hours at an absolute pressure of 11.6 kPa (1.68 psi) and 20 ± 3 °C ( 68 ± 5 °F ) .
16C.2 As a result of high-altitude simulation experiments, the sample battery should not explode or ignite , especially if the sample does not have the perforations or leaks described in 5.11 .
User replaceable lithium battery detection
17. Fire roast experiment
18. Burning particle test
18.1 each detection cell 20 is placed in a wire-line pores per inch (25.4mm), 0.017 inches thick wire. The screen was placed at a distance of 1-1/2 (38.1 mm) inches from the burner . The fuel and air are sprayed at a speed that provides a bright blue flame so that the wire mesh burns bright red. A rough stone panel to the position of the cloth 3 feet stencil central vertical distance (0.91m) of. The asbestos cloth is one yard square and consists of four layers of coarse asbestos material weighing 0.4-0.6 ounces per square yard . The test sample is placed in a position where Mars or burning particles can be sprayed into the center of the asbestos sheet. In some cases, it should be required to enclose the experimental sample in the mesh, then ignite the burner and observe the battery as it explodes or is destroyed.
18.2 When the battery is subjected to the experiment described in 19.1 , the rough asbestos cloth will not ignite.
18.3 Spray experiment
18.3.1 When performing the experiment described in 18.3.2 , no part of the explosion battery penetrates the screen, and some or all of the batteries protrude from the screen.
18.3.2 The test cell was placed on a flat table with a 4 inch diameter hole and covered with a cover. The cover is constructed of a 20- hole wire mesh per foot or a wire of 0.017 inches ( 0.43 mm ). A sample disposed around two feet wide per side (610mm), 1 foot high (305mm) 8 mesh screen surface. The metal mesh consists of a wire having a diameter of 0.010 inches (0.25 mm) of 16-18 filaments per inch . The sample is placed on a metal mesh, covering the hole in the center of the table, and then heated until it explodes or is destroyed. The safety valve faces parallel to the asbestos cloth.
　　　　　　 Identification
19. General
19.1 The battery shall identify the manufacturer's name, trade name or trademark and style settings.
19.2 The battery shall be marked "Warning" with the following or equivalent expression:
“The battery is in danger of fire, explosion and burning. Do not recharge, disassemble, squeeze, heat above 212°F or incinerate â€
　　 "Risk of fire, explosion and bums. Do not recharge,
Disassemble, Crush, heat above 212°F, or incinerateâ€
　　 Exception 1 : Cylindrical battery capacity is less than 300mAh or button battery, if the test indicates that there is no such danger, no identification is required.
　　 Exception 2 : The conditions specified in Sections 8-19 are not dangerous and may not be identified.
　　 Exception 3 : The battery capacity is 300-950 mAh , which can be identified as "WARNING" and uses the following similar indicators to describe "Risk of
Explosion. Do not Recharge, or
Incineate." If the battery space is not enough, the label "CAUTION" can be identified on the package.
　　 Exception 4 : User replaceable battery identification "CAUTION" instead of "WARNING" .
19.3 User replaceable batteries shall be identified by "CAUTION" and the following or equivalent expression:
　　 " The danger of fire, burning, do not recharge, disassemble, heat more than 212 °F or burn. Do not let the child touch the battery, put it in the original packaging before use. The used battery should be disposed of properly, do not put it in the mouth. If swallowed , should be immediately your doctor or local poisoning testing center. "
　　 Exception 1 : The last two sentences of the above zui are only applicable to batteries with a diameter < 32 mm and a thickness less than 3.8 mm .
　　 Exception 2 : No danger is found in the test according to Section 8.19 .
19.4 User replaceable batteries shall permanently identify the following statements:
　　 “ Only the original battery can be replaced. If you use another battery, there is a danger of fire and explosion. Replace it according to the user manual. â€
　　 Exception: If the end product does not contain these requirements, the battery operation or service manual should be marked as follows: “ Replacement and maintenance of the battery should be carried out according to the manual †.
19.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals should provide complete instructions to the user , such as how to replace and dispose of used batteries. This information includes the following:
　　 a) Warnings are expressed in the following or equivalent languages:
　　 “CAUTION— The battery used in this unit is at risk of fire and chemical burning if not handled properly.
Do not recharge, disassemble, heat to above 100 °C or incinerate, replace with the original battery, use other batteries may have a fire or explosion hazard. â€
　　 b) How to replace the battery description The following statement should be made at the end:
　　 “ Properly dispose of used batteries, keep away from children, do not dismantle and put them in fire. â€
19.6 If the manufacturer manufactures batteries in multiple plants, each battery pack should have a clear identification to confirm which factory the battery was produced from.
These requirements are based on sound engineering principles, research and test conclusions, and field experience, and are based on the opinions of manufacturers, users, inspection agencies, and other organizations or individuals with professional experience.
A. Compliance with the requirements of this standard is a basic condition that manufacturers should have when manufacturing products.
B. The product can only meet the requirements of this standard in writing and is not sufficient to determine that it meets this standard. For example, when testing and testing, it is found that other characteristics do not meet the safety level requirements of this standard.
C. The material or structure used in the product is inconsistent with the technical requirements of this standard and cannot be considered to comply with this standard. If the material used in the product is formed by using a structure different from the one listed in this standard; but the performance can meet the requirements of the standard, it may be concluded that this standard is met.
D.UL does not undertake to be responsible for the customer's products when implementing the customer's safety testing requirements. UL only provides a professional judgment for the product based on some actual safety restrictions and requirements considered at the current level. UL is not responsible for the hazards caused by the product.
E. Many of the tests in this standard must have adequate personal and property safety precautions due to their inherent hazards.
Introduction
1. Field
1.1 These requirements include one (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries.
These batteries include metallic Li or Li alloys, or Li ions, as well as single-core, two or more multi-core serial / parallel configurations.
1.2 These requirements include technician-replaceable and user-replaceable applications.
1.3 The purpose of these requirements is to reduce the risk of a lithium battery catching or exploding when used in a product. Whether these batteries are acceptable or not depends on their ability to meet the requirements of the complete product being applied.
1.4 These requirements also tend to reduce the personal injury caused by the user's replacement Li battery due to fire or explosion.
1.5 The claims cover the amount of Li-containing ≤5g technician interchangeable lithium battery, lithium battery is greater than for the Li-containing 5g, even to meet the provisions subject to further testing and inspection in order to determine whether the application.
1.6 The claims cover ≤4g containing metal lithium and each cell type lithium battery containing the user to replace the lithium metal ≤1g. The amount of lithium metal in the battery > 4g or the amount of lithium metal per cell > 1g is required to be further tested and verified to determine the practical application.
1.7 This requirement does not include the toxic hazards caused by the ingestion of lithium batteries and their components , nor the damage caused to humans when the battery is cut.
1.8 When certain characteristics, characteristics or parts, materials or the whole system of the product are different from those required by this standard, as long as it contains fire, electric shock and damage to people, it should be carried out with appropriate additional parts and end product requirements. Evaluate to ensure an acceptable level of safety.
2. Overview
2.1 Measurement General
2.1.1 If there is another value in parentheses after a measured value, the second value may only be an approximate value, and * values ​​are the required values.
2.2 Terminology
Both "Lithium battery(ies)" and "batter(ies)" contain a user-replaceable lithium battery that can be replaced by a technician.
3. General
3.1 The definition of some terms in this standard
3.2 Battery- ( 1 ) Single core or ( 2 ) A set of cells in series / parallel.
3.3 Battery, Primary- discharge only once and can not be rechargeable.
3.4 Battery , Secondary - A battery that can discharge and charge many times.
3.5 Battery , technician-replaceable- Battery used in terminal products, battery service and replacement can only be serviced and repaired by professionally trained technicians.
3.6 Battery , User-replaceable - The battery that the user can replace with the battery.
3.7 Cell - A single electrochemical cell containing positive and negative electrodes.
3.8 Charged, fully - The capacity of the battery is fully charged and stored in the battery.
3.9 Component, current-limity Current limiting measures for any part under abnormal conditions. Current limiting parts include resistors, fuses or hot-cut parts.
3.10 Current, Abnormal charged Charges the disposable cell or battery in the wrong condition.
3.11 Discharged, Forced will discharge the battery in series with the external power supply for the purpose of making the battery zui end reverse polarity.
3.12 Discharged, Fully When a 100Ω resistor is connected and the short-circuit current is reduced to less than 1mA, the battery closed loop voltage is less than 0.2V and the battery is considered to be fully discharged.
3.13 Discharged, HALF - Half of the battery's standard capacity has been released from a full battery.
3.14 Explosion - A situation where the cell or battery component is forcibly opened and the cell or battery case is torn or split into two or more pieces.
3.15 Material, Toxic - A toxic industrial product that is rated in the sax Industrial Materials Hazard Performance Reference Manual.
3.16 Temperature - approximately 23 ° C ( 73 ° F )
3.17 Venting - The electrolyte of the battery or cell leaks from the designed valve or sealing mechanism in liquid, drip or steam.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Structure / composition
4. General
4.1 housing
The lithium battery case should have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the excessive pressure without causing a fire. User-replaceable lithium batteries should be strong enough not to injure people.
4.2 electrolyte
4.2.1 The user-replaceable battery shall not contain pressurized vapor or toxic vapors and liquids that may cause damage to the eyes , or the toxic liquid leaking from the battery case under normal laboratory conditions at 23 °C should be less than 5 ml .
4.3 use
4.3.1 Lithium batteries should take measures to avoid abnormal charging current during use. The tested batteries have an acceptable charging current Ic (see 18.1 ) . Under abnormal conditions, protective measures should be taken in the terminal products:
a. Two blocking parts, such as diodes
b. A blocking part and a current limiting part, such as a resistor or fuse, the current limiting device should limit the charging current to 1/3 (abnormal charging test value).
Exception 1 : When the terminal product is applied, the battery circuit does not require charging protection. In this case, the battery will not be subjected to charging current.
Exception 2 : The battery has been tested without risk of explosion.
Exception 3 : Rechargeable batteries require only one current limiting component, not one blocking component.
Performance
5. General
5.1 technician replacement battery
5.1.1 technician should replace the lithium battery according to claim 10-19 test section, section 11B (forced discharge test) only for batteries used in the battery pack case, the multi-cell installation, see 5.3.1, at 10 Section short-circuit test requires that no fire or explosion should occur , and 14A section impact test , 15 section micro-vibration test, 18B section thermal cycle test or 18C section height-sensing test should not cause fire or explosion. In addition, the cell or battery case temperature should not exceed 150 °C ( 302 °F ) during the short circuit test .
Cells or batteries that may explode or explode in the 11A section of the abnormal charging test, the 12- section compression test, the 13- section impact test, or the 18A heat test shall be strictly limited and shall not be used in an environment that may cause a fire to explode. The battery and battery are subjected to 14A impact test, 15th vibration test, 18B thermal cycle test and 18C high-sensitivity test. The leakage of these test batteries shall meet the loss standard of Table 5.1 :
Table 5.1 Standard for leakage or leakage quality loss
Mass or battery quality zui mass loss
Not more than 1g 0.5 %
1 to 5g 0.2 %
> 5g 0.1 %
5.2 user replaced battery
5.2.1 User replaceable batteries are tested in accordance with Sections 10-19 . The 11B forced discharge test is only suitable for multi-cell applications. In addition to meeting the requirements of the technician's replaceable batteries or batteries, the consumer (user) replaceable battery or battery should not explode or ignite when subjected to a 12- section compression (compression) test and a 13- section impact test.
5.2.2 In accordance with Section 19.2 Combustion Test, Section 19.3 Jet Test, Table 6.2 Only one of the 5 specimens in each group does not meet the requirements, and another set of 5 specimens shall be tested. The 5 of the second group shall be tested. The sample should meet the requirements.
5.3 multi-cell installation
5.3.1 If the technician replaces or replaces the battery , it should be tested in Section 10.3 and 11B if it is used in multi-cell installation or battery pack. After the test, it should not be fired or exploded. The other 10.3 test also requires the battery to meet the requirements of 5.1.1 , 5.2.1 and 10 short-circuit test.
6. Sample
6.1 primary battery (omitted)
6.2 The new secondary battery or battery and the secondary battery or battery after the charge and discharge cycle shall be tested according to the requirements of Section 10-19 . The number of test samples is shown in Table 6.2 . See Table 6.4 for the number of user-replaceable secondary cells and battery test samples . When a group of cells or batteries of different sizes are fabricated using approximate electrochemical principles, a representative size can be selected for testing.
　 Table 6.1 Number of technicians replacing primary battery test (omitted)
　 Table 6.2 Number of technician replacement secondary battery test
Test project new charge / discharge cycle
Electrical performance test
Short circuit at room temperature a, c 5 5
Short circuit at 60 °C (140 °F) 5 5
Abnormal charging 5 5
Discharge b 5 5
Mechanical test
Squeeze c 5 5
Impact 5 5
Acceleration 5 5
Vibration 5 5
Environmental test
Heating 5 5
Thermal cycle 5 5
High altitude simulation 5 5
　 a. Serial / parallel application see section 10.3
　 b. For serial applications see section 11B.2
　 c. The test sample is in a fully charged state.
Table 6.3 User replaceable primary battery test quantity (omitted)
Table 6.4 Number of samples for user-replaceable secondary lithium battery test
Test project new charge / discharge cycle
Combustion test 5 5
Spray test 5 5
User replaceable secondary battery test items are the same as Table 6.2
7. Sample conditions
7.1 Hot box exposure
　　 This section was deleted in June 24, 1999
7.2 Thermal cycle test
　　 See this section 18B of this standard in 1999 after the June 24 date adjustment
7.3 discharge (primary battery) (omitted)
7.4 charge and discharge cycle
7.4.1 Secondary cell test temperature 25 °C , the cell is continuously cycled according to the manufacturer's requirements, and the cycle is terminated when the capacity is 25 % of the initial nominal capacity or 90 days of continuous cycle . The cycle can be done separately or in the whole group. Recharge before testing as shown in Table 6.2 and Table 6.4 .
8. Important test considerations
　 8.1 Some lithium batteries may explode when tested in accordance with Sections 10-19 . Individuals must be protected from flying debris, sudden release of heat from bursting forces, and explosion noise. The test area should be well ventilated.
　 8.2 When testing in accordance with Sections 10 , 13 , and 17 , the temperature of the battery case shall be tested. When the temperature of the outer surface of the battery exceeds 90 °C , all participants shall not be able to touch the outer surface.
8.3 For safety reasons, the 19.3 section of the shot test shall be carried out in a space separate from the observer when the combustion (bake) test is carried out in section 19.2 .
9. Temperature measurement
9.1 Thermocouple wire area ≤0.21mm2 , ≥0.05mm2 , and with thermoelectric potential measuring equipment
9.2 Thermocouple should be in close contact with the surface of the battery case during measurement
　　　　　　　　　　 Technician Replacement and User Replacement Battery Test
Electrical performance test
10. Short circuit test
Each test sample was positive 10.1 cells, using negative resistance <0.1Ω Cu wire shorted, battery discharge until the fire or explosion, or until the battery is fully discharged, the casing was lowered to room temperature again stopped.
10.2 The test is carried out at room temperature and 60±2 °C . The battery is stabilized at room temperature or 60±2 °C and then shorted.
10.3 Unless the manufacturer indicates that it is connected in series or in parallel, the battery shall be tested separately. For series or parallel applications, the other five sets of batteries need to be tested, and the large number of batteries used is determined according to the number of series / parallel used .
10.4 When there is an overcurrent or thermal protection device in the battery and it has passed UL certification, the battery should be tested under the condition that the protection device is not opened, and the unprotected protective device must be shorted.
10.5 The sample shall not ignite or explode, and the temperature of the outer casing or battery case shall not exceed 150 °C .
11. Heat test see 18A
11A abnormal charging test
　 11A.1 Test the battery after discharging it according to the manufacturer's capacity
11A.2 Each battery sample is subjected to a charging current of 3 times the manufacturer's normally specified charging current, and the battery is connected to a DC power source. The special charging current is obtained by connecting a resistor of a special size and size in series. The test time is calculated by the following formula:
Tc=2.5C/3Ic
　　 Tc— charging time ( h ); C— capacity ( Ah ); Ic— the charging current generally specified by the manufacturer ( A )
　　 The zui test time should be 48h , which does not require the initial charge current to be maintained for 48h .
11A.3 When the battery is certified to have an overcurrent or thermal protection device, the battery is tested under conditions that do not cause the protective device to function. Uncertified protective devices shall be tested after shorting.
11A.4 sample should not ignite and not explode
11B forced discharge test
11B.1 This test is suitable for applications with multi-cell combination applications, such as battery packs.
11B.2 A fully discharged battery cell is forcibly connected in series with a new battery of the same type. The number of new cells in series = the large number of zui in series application -1 . Five cells were tested after complete discharge at room temperature.
11B.3 When the fully discharged cell is connected in series with a specific number of new cells, the formed battery pack is subjected to a short circuit test.
11B.4 The positive and negative terminals are connected to the Cu wire with a resistance of less than 0.1 Ω . The battery is discharged until it catches fire or explodes, or the test is terminated until the temperature of the battery case drops back to near room temperature.
11B.5 If the over-current and thermal protection devices that have been certified by the safety standard have reacted during the test, the test shall be carried out under the large load of zui which does not cause the protection device to function. If there is no approved protection device, it shall be short-circuited.
11B.6 sample should not ignite or explode
Mechanical test
12. Compression Test (Crush Test)
12.1 The battery is compressed between two flat surfaces. The compressive force is applied by a hydraulic piston with a diameter of 32 mm . The compression continues until the pressure reaches 17.2 MPa , the applied pressure is 13 KN , and the pressure is released when the large pressure is reached.
12.2 When a cylindrical or square battery is pressed, its long axis is parallel to the plane of the hydraulic device. 90 ℃ rectangular battery should turn in the longitudinal direction, in order to bring the broad side and the narrow side are under compression, each sample was subjected to only compressive force cell one direction, independent of each test battery.
12.3 The button battery is pressed in the plane direction.
12.4 The sample does not ignite or explode.
13. Impact test (Impact), Bell's BE-5066 fully meets the standards, the first production in the country
13.1 Test sample The battery was placed on a flat surface, a rod with a diameter of 15.8 mm was placed in the center of the sample, and a weight of 9.1 kg was dropped from the height of 610 mm onto the sample.
13.2 When a cylindrical or prismatic battery is impacted, its long axis shall be parallel to the plane and perpendicular to the curved surface of the 15.8- diameter rod placed at the center of the specimen . The square battery should be rotated 90 degrees along the long axis so that both the wide side and the narrow side are subjected to impact. Each sample cell is subjected to only one direction of impact, and each test uses a separate sample.
13.3 The button cell plane is parallel to the plane, and the 15.8mm rod's surface is at its center.
13.4 The sample shall not ignite or explode.
14. Moist test. (delete)
14.A Shock Test (acceleration test)
　　 Article in June 2000 after 26 ENTRY INTO FORCE
14.A.1 batteries are placed on the fixture and each surface should be fixed. Each cell shall withstand three equal-sized accelerations, each accelerating in three mutually perpendicular directions, unless the cell shape has only two directions, and each vibration acceleration direction shall be perpendicular to the surface of the cell. Acceleration requirements: The initial average acceleration of Zui should reach 75g (g- gravity acceleration ) within the initial 3ms . The peak acceleration is between 125 and 175g . The test temperature is 20 ± 5 °C .
14.A.2 The sample shall not ignite or explode, and the sample shall not leak.
15. Vibration test (Vibration Test)
15.1 The battery is subjected to a simple tuning vibration with an amplitude of 0.8 mm .
15.2 oscillation frequency at a rate of 1Hz / min varies within the range of 10-55Hz, restored back in 90-100min, battery vibration along three mutually perpendicular directions, for axially only two batteries, each battery should be perpendicular to the direction Direction test of the axes.
15.3 The sample shall not ignite, explode or leak.
Environmental test
16A heating test
The 16A.1 sample was heated in a natural convection or forced convection oven. The oven temperature was ramped to 150 °C at 5 ± 2 °C / min and stopped for 10 min .
16A.2 sample should not ignite or explode
16B thermal cycle test
The 16B.1 battery is placed in the test chamber and subjected to the following cycles:
a) Warm up to 70±3 °C in 30min and keep warm for 4h .
b) Cool down to 20±3 °C within 30min and keep warm for 2h .
c) Warm up to 40±3 °C in 30min and keep warm for 4h .
d) Cool down to 20 ± 3 °C within 30 min .
e) Repeat the above cycle 9 times.
f) After 10 cycles, the battery is placed for 7 days for inspection.
16B.2 The sample shall not ignite, explode or leak.
16C low pressure (high altitude simulation) experiment
The 16C.1 sample cell was stored for 6 hours at an absolute pressure of 11.6 kPa (1.68 psi) and 20 ± 3 °C ( 68 ± 5 °F ) .
16C.2 As a result of high-altitude simulation experiments, the sample battery should not explode or ignite , especially if the sample does not have the perforations or leaks described in 5.11 .
User replaceable lithium battery detection
17. Fire roast experiment
18. Burning particle test
18.1 each detection cell 20 is placed in a wire-line pores per inch (25.4mm), 0.017 inches thick wire. The screen was placed at a distance of 1-1/2 (38.1 mm) inches from the burner . The fuel and air are sprayed at a speed that provides a bright blue flame so that the wire mesh burns bright red. A rough stone panel to the position of the cloth 3 feet stencil central vertical distance (0.91m) of. The asbestos cloth is one yard square and consists of four layers of coarse asbestos material weighing 0.4-0.6 ounces per square yard . The test sample is placed in a position where Mars or burning particles can be sprayed into the center of the asbestos sheet. In some cases, it should be required to enclose the experimental sample in the mesh, then ignite the burner and observe the battery as it explodes or is destroyed.
18.2 When the battery is subjected to the experiment described in 19.1 , the rough asbestos cloth will not ignite.
18.3 Spray experiment
18.3.1 When performing the experiment described in 18.3.2 , no part of the explosion battery penetrates the screen, and some or all of the batteries protrude from the screen.
18.3.2 The test cell was placed on a flat table with a 4 inch diameter hole and covered with a cover. The cover is constructed of a 20- hole wire mesh per foot or a wire of 0.017 inches ( 0.43 mm ). A sample disposed around two feet wide per side (610mm), 1 foot high (305mm) 8 mesh screen surface. The metal mesh consists of a wire having a diameter of 0.010 inches (0.25 mm) of 16-18 filaments per inch . The sample is placed on a metal mesh, covering the hole in the center of the table, and then heated until it explodes or is destroyed. The safety valve faces parallel to the asbestos cloth.
　　　　　　 Identification
19. General
19.1 The battery shall identify the manufacturer's name, trade name or trademark and style settings.
19.2 The battery shall be marked "Warning" with the following or equivalent expression:
“The battery is in danger of fire, explosion and burning. Do not recharge, disassemble, squeeze, heat above 212°F or incinerate â€
　　 "Risk of fire, explosion and bums. Do not recharge,
Disassemble, Crush, heat above 212°F, or incinerateâ€
　　 Exception 1 : Cylindrical battery capacity is less than 300mAh or button battery, if the test indicates that there is no such danger, no identification is required.
　　 Exception 2 : The conditions specified in Sections 8-19 are not dangerous and may not be identified.
　　 Exception 3 : The battery capacity is 300-950 mAh , which can be identified as "WARNING" and uses the following similar indicators to describe "Risk of
Explosion. Do not Recharge, or
Incineate." If the battery space is not enough, the label "CAUTION" can be identified on the package.
　　 Exception 4 : User replaceable battery identification "CAUTION" instead of "WARNING" .
19.3 User replaceable batteries shall be identified by "CAUTION" and the following or equivalent expression:
　　 " The danger of fire, burning, do not recharge, disassemble, heat more than 212 °F or burn. Do not let the child touch the battery, put it in the original packaging before use. The used battery should be disposed of properly, do not put it in the mouth. If swallowed , should be immediately your doctor or local poisoning testing center. "
　　 Exception 1 : The last two sentences of the above zui are only applicable to batteries with a diameter < 32 mm and a thickness less than 3.8 mm .
　　 Exception 2 : No danger is found in the test according to Section 8.19 .
19.4 User replaceable batteries shall permanently identify the following statements:
　　 “ Only the original battery can be replaced. If you use another battery, there is a danger of fire and explosion. Replace it according to the user manual. â€
　　 Exception: If the end product does not contain these requirements, the battery operation or service manual should be marked as follows: “ Replacement and maintenance of the battery should be carried out according to the manual †.
19.5 Operation and Maintenance Manuals should provide complete instructions to the user , such as how to replace and dispose of used batteries. This information includes the following:
　　 a) Warnings are expressed in the following or equivalent languages:
　　 “CAUTION— The battery used in this unit is at risk of fire and chemical burning if not handled properly.
Do not recharge, disassemble, heat to above 100 °C or incinerate, replace with the original battery, use other batteries may have a fire or explosion hazard. â€
　　 b) How to replace the battery description The following statement should be made at the end:
　　 “ Properly dispose of used batteries, keep away from children, do not dismantle and put them in fire. â€
19.6 If the manufacturer manufactures batteries in multiple plants, each battery pack should have a clear identification to confirm which factory the battery was produced from.
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