Vegetable black rot is a significant disease affecting cruciferous crops. This bacterial infection primarily affects the leaves, causing distinct symptoms that can be identified through visual inspection and microscopic analysis. The lesions typically begin at the leaf margins, spreading inward along the lateral veins in a wedge-shaped (V-shaped) pattern. These spots are usually pale grayish-green to grayish-brown or yellow to yellow-brown, often surrounded by a noticeable yellow halo. In some cases, lesions appear near the center of the leaf blade, displaying irregular shapes with similar coloration and halos. Additionally, some affected areas show purple or black discoloration along the reticular veins.
The disease may not always present with visible bacterial exudates, but when wet, the infected tissue feels sticky and slimy. Microscopic examination reveals clear signs of vascular bundle infection, confirming the presence of the pathogen. The causal agent is *Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris*, a bacterium that survives on seeds, infected plant debris, and wild hosts such as wild mustard and other cruciferous weeds. It can also overwinter in soil and on farm equipment.
The bacteria spread mainly through contaminated seeds, but in the field, they are transmitted via wounds, water, infected soil, tools, insects, and weeds. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth is 23–30°C, making warm, rainy conditions particularly favorable for disease development. Factors like continuous cropping, poor water and fertilizer management, early plant aging, and inadequate pest control can increase the risk of infection. Resistance among different varieties remains unclear, so preventive measures are crucial.
To manage the disease effectively:
1. Choose resistant varieties whenever possible.
2. Disinfect seeds before planting. Options include soaking in 45% Daisen ammonium solution (300 times dilution for 20 minutes), using 0.4% seed coating with 50% DT or DTM wettable powder, or treating with 20% quinoline bacterioketone (1000 times dilution). Alternatively, soak seeds in 77% copper hydroxide suspension (800–1000 times dilution). Avoid using streptomycin or neomycin on *Brassica campestris* seeds to prevent damage.
3. Maintain proper irrigation and fertilization practices, and minimize plant injuries.
4. Apply timely foliar sprays. Recommended treatments include 20% quinolone WP (1000 times), 45% dexamethasone (1000 times), 77% copper hydroxide (800 times), or 50% DT/DTM WP (1000 times). Apply 2–3 times every 7–10 days, alternating products for better efficacy.
By following these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of vegetable black rot and protect their cruciferous crops from this destructive disease.
The Dehydrated Chili Products Group is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality chili products, specializing in chili flakes, Chili Crushed, and Chili Powder. With a passion for flavor and a commitment to excellence, we have established ourselves as a trusted name in the industry.
Our chili flakes are made from carefully selected, sun-dried chili peppers that are then crushed to the perfect size to add a fiery kick to any dish. These flakes are versatile and can be used in various cuisines, from Mexican to Asian, to enhance the taste and spice level of your favorite recipes.
For those who prefer a finer texture, our chili crushed is a popular choice. Made from the same premium chili peppers, these crushed flakes provide a more concentrated flavor and are perfect for adding a punch to sauces, marinades, and soups.
In addition to our flakes and crushed products, we also offer chili powder, a staple in many kitchens. Our chili powder is made from a blend of carefully selected chili peppers, ground to a fine consistency, and packed with rich flavors. It is an essential ingredient for creating flavorful chili con carne, seasoning meats, and adding a touch of heat to various dishes.
At the Dehydrated Chili Products Group, we take pride in our commitment to quality and food safety. Our products undergo rigorous testing and adhere to strict industry standards to ensure that you receive only the finest chili products. Whether you are a home cook or a professional chef, our range of chili flakes, chili crushed, and chili powder will elevate your culinary creations to new heights.
Our chili flakes are made from carefully selected, sun-dried chili peppers that are then crushed to the perfect size to add a fiery kick to any dish. These flakes are versatile and can be used in various cuisines, from Mexican to Asian, to enhance the taste and spice level of your favorite recipes.
For those who prefer a finer texture, our chili crushed is a popular choice. Made from the same premium chili peppers, these crushed flakes provide a more concentrated flavor and are perfect for adding a punch to sauces, marinades, and soups.
In addition to our flakes and crushed products, we also offer chili powder, a staple in many kitchens. Our chili powder is made from a blend of carefully selected chili peppers, ground to a fine consistency, and packed with rich flavors. It is an essential ingredient for creating flavorful chili con carne, seasoning meats, and adding a touch of heat to various dishes.
At the Dehydrated Chili Products Group, we take pride in our commitment to quality and food safety. Our products undergo rigorous testing and adhere to strict industry standards to ensure that you receive only the finest chili products. Whether you are a home cook or a professional chef, our range of chili flakes, chili crushed, and chili powder will elevate your culinary creations to new heights.
Dehydrated Chili products, flakes, crushed, powder
Henan Sunny Foodstuff Co.,Ltd. , https://www.hnsunnyfood.com