The primary component of straw is crude fiber, which is difficult for most animals, including ruminants, to digest on their own. While cows and sheep can break down about 50% to 90% of crude fiber, this is largely due to the microbial activity in their rumen. These microorganisms help ferment and degrade the fibrous material, making it more accessible for nutrient absorption.
Pigs, however, lack a rumen, so they rely mainly on microorganisms in the cecum and colon for fiber digestion. As a result, their ability to digest crude fiber is much lower. When large amounts of straw powder are added to pig feed, not only does the crude fiber itself go undigested, but it can also interfere with the digestion of other essential nutrients like corn and soybean meal.
Studies have shown that for every 1% increase in crude fiber content in pig feed, the overall digestibility of organic matter can decrease by 1.35% to 1.92%. This reduction in digestibility can negatively impact growth performance and feed efficiency. Therefore, it's important to carefully manage the crude fiber levels in pig diets.
Typically, piglet feed should contain no more than 4% crude fiber, while feed for growing and finishing pigs should not exceed 6% to 8%. For adult pigs, the maximum recommended level is generally around 10% to 12%. By keeping these limits in mind, farmers can optimize feed utilization and support better animal health and productivity.
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