Organic soybeans are one of the crops that require more fertilizer. Fertilization plays an important role in the high quality and high yield of soybeans. Therefore, fertilizer should be comprehensively considered according to the characteristics of its varieties, soil fertility and cultivation measures. Under normal circumstances, for each 100 kg of soybean grain produced, it is necessary to absorb 7.0-9.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.3-1.9 kg of phosphorus, and 2.5-3.7 kg of potassium. Among them, nitrogen is the most demanded, followed by potassium, and sulphur, copper, molybdenum, boron, zinc, and other trace elements are also needed. Part of the nitrogen needed for soybeans comes from nodule-fixed nitrogen in the soybean itself, partly from soil and fertilizer.
At the seedling stage, the absorbed nitrogen of soybean accounts for only 4% of the total amount. The absorption of nitrogen is increased during the flowering and seedling period, accounting for 19% of the total. The absorption of nitrogen is greater during the seedling and grain-bearing period, accounting for more About 70% of the total amount, absorption of nitrogen is basically stopped after the grain size period. Phosphorus absorbed from the emergence to the early flowering stage of soybean accounted for only 15% of the total, 60% of the flowering and podling stage, and 20% of the period from the scab to the grain stage. The absorption of potassium accounted for 32% of the lifetime absorption from emergence to anthesis. The absorption of potassium was higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus during this period, and the flowering period accounted for 62% of the total potassium absorption during the grain stage. Only 6% of the period. In short, the period of pods is the period when soybean absorbs most nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the rate of absorption is fast. If the supply of fertilizer is insufficient, soybeans are prone to defertilization.
1, micro fertilizer dressing. Rhizobium powder dressing: 20-30 g of rhizobia powder per 250 kg of seeds, 250 g of fresh water, mix the seeds and bacterium powder thoroughly in a pot, and soak after drying. Micro-fertilizer seed dressing: Before sowing, weigh 5-10 g of ammonium molybdate per 5 kg of seed, dissolve the ammonium molybdate completely with 250 g of warm water, and then spray the fertilizer solution on the seed so that the fertilizer solution is in full contact with the seed and dry. Dry after sowing. For the lack of boron or zinc deficiency, 0.05% borax solution or 0.1% zinc sulfate solution is used for seed dressing.
2, Shizuji Fei. Organic soybeans are preferably used as organic fertilizers for cultivating spring organic soybeans. Generally, 2000-3,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure is used per acre, and a small amount of fertilizer can be used. Due to the tight time of summer soybeans, the application of basal fertilizers can be mainly organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers. For plots with low soil fertility, 6-7 kg of nitrogen should be applied per acre, 10-12 kg of phosphorus and potassium, and 4-5 kg ​​of phosphorous and potassium should be applied to plots with high fertility. Kilograms, plowing after spreading.
3, skillfully applied fertilizer. The organic soybean topdressing is performed according to the location and seedlings. For plots that have not been treated with basal fertilizer or basal fertilizer, fertilizers are promptly applied. Generally, 3-4 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of bicarbonate is absorbed per mu, and 20 kg of superphosphate are used. Potash 10 kg. Nitrogen fertilizer can recover half of each seedling and early flowering period. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be recovered early. The topdressing method should be applied as a trenching method. For the application of base fertilizer, the fertilizer should be top-dressed according to the growth conditions of each stage. The weak and yellow seedlings can be used to supplement nitrogen fertilizer to prevent premature aging of defertilizer. Flowering and poding period is the period when soybeans need the most fertilizer. Apply fast-acting fertilizers 5-7 days before flowering. Apply 2-5 kg ​​of urea and 7-8 kg of potash per acre to ensure plant growth during this period. The need for nutrients.
4, extra-root fertilizer. Organic soybean enters the flowering stage, which is the period when most nutrients are needed. After the grain stage, the plant roots begin to age and the absorptive capacity decreases. Soybeans often cause premature decline due to lack of fertilizer. Soybean leaves have a strong ability to absorb nutrients. Foliar spraying can prolong the functional period of the leaves, and has a significant promoting effect on the grain density. Generally, it can increase production by 10-20%. The method is: per acre available phosphoric acid two by 1 kg or urea 0.5-1 kg or 1.5-2 kg of superphosphate, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 kg watered 50-60 kg, spraying on a sunny evening (including Calcium superphosphate should be pre-soaked for 24-28 hours before filtration and then sprayed. It is better to use the leaves on the back. From the beginning of the scab, spray every 7-10 days and spray 2-3 times.
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